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Eski Uygur Türkçesi, özellikle Uygur rahiplerinin Budizm ve Manihaizm temelli öğretiler çerçevesinde geliştirdikleri dinî terminolojinin somut örneklerinin verildiği dönem olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Türk dilinin sistematik dinî terminolojisinin ilk örneklerinin verildiği bu dönem içerisinde yer alan çoğu metnin kaynak ya da aracı diller vasıtasıyla Eski Uygur Türkçesine aktarılması, ilgili öğretinin anlaşılması noktasında özellikle Budist Uygur rahiplerini hem Türkçe bilincine hem de ilgili öğretinin orijinalliğine sadık kalma güdüsü doğrultusunda hareket etmeye mecbur kılmıştır. Budist Uygur rahiplerinin öncülük ettiği tercüme faaliyetleri çerçevesinde başlayan dilcilik hareketleri, başlangıçta ilgili öğretilerin halka anlayacağı dille anlatılma arzusundan ileri gelse de zamanla benimsenen Türkçeleştirme yöntemleri ile dil bilincinin geliştiği görülmektedir. Bu Türkçeleştirme yöntemlerinden biri de, birebir çeviri yaparak ilgili öğretinin kaynak dildeki karşılıklarını Türkçe sözcük ve eklerle oluşturmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, Çince ve Tibetçe gibi kaynak ya da Soğdca ve Toharca gibi aracı diller vasıtasıyla Eski Uygur Türkçesine aktarılan metinlerde yer alan dinî kavramlar, özellikle Budist Uygur rahiplerinin uyguladıkları dil bilinci doğrultusunda Türkçeleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu yaklaşıma uygun Türkçeleştirme ürünlerinden biri de, Budist sūtralar içerisinde başlangıç sözü niteliğinde olan Skr. evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ ifadesinin birebir tercümenin ürünü olarak Eski Uygur Türkçesine ançulayu ärür mäniŋ äşidmişim şeklinde aktarımının yapılmasıdır. Kaynak dilde “Şöyledir duyduğum, şöyle işittim!” anlamlarına gelen bu ifade, Eski Uygur Türkçesine ait metinlerde de bu anlam eksenini koruyarak şeklen Skr. evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ ifadesine benzer yönde söz dizilimine sahiptir. Bu yazı, Skr. evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ ifadesinin Eski Uygur Türkçesi metinlerindeki karşılığı olan ançulayu ärür mäniŋ äşidmişim terimine yönelik dinsel ve dilsel değerlendirmelerden oluşmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, ilgili kavramın dinsel yönü, Mahāyāna ve Tantracı gelenek içerisinde incelenerek ifadenin sahip olduğu dinî değer yönünde, kavramın Eski Uygur Türkçesi metinlerindeki görünümü yapısal olarak gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The ancient Uyghur Turkish has the characteristic of being the period in which the Uyghur priests have given concrete examples of the religious terminology they have developed in the framework of Buddhism and Manichism-based teachings. The translation of most of the texts in this period, in which the first examples of the systematic religious terminology of the Turkish language were given, through the source or medium languages, to the Old Uighur Turkish, has forced the Buddhist Uighur priests to act in accordance with their motivation to remain faithful to both the Turkish consciousness and the originality of the relevant doctrine. The linguistic movements, which began in the framework of the translation activities led by the Buddhist Uighur priests, in the beginning arise from the desire to be translated in the language that the public will understand, but with the time the methods of Turkishization and the language consciousness developed. One of these methods of Turkishization is to create the responses in the source language of the relevant teaching by translating each other with Turkish words and additions. In this regard, the religious concepts contained in the texts translated to ancient Uyghur Turkish by means of sources such as Chinese and Tibetan or medium languages such as Cold and Toharca, especially the Buddhist Uyghur priests, were attempted to be turquoise according to the language consciousness they applied. One of the products of Turkishization suitable for this approach is Skr, which is the beginning word in the Buddhist Sutras. The expression evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ is translated into Ancient Uyghur Turkish as a product of the translator. In the source language, “I have heard that way!” This expression that comes from its meanings, in the texts belonging to the Old Uyghur Turkish, also shaped by preserving this meaning axis. The word is similar to the word of May. This is the word, Skr. The expression of evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ is composed of religious and linguistic assessments of the Ancient Uyghur Turkish text. In this regard, the religious aspect of the corresponding concept, studied in the Mahāyāna and Tantracı traditions, in the religious value of the expression, the appearance of the concept in the ancient Uyghur Turkish texts has been tried to be structurally shown.
Old Uyghur Turkic has the feature of being the period when concrete examples of religious terminology developed by Uyghur priests especially within the framework of Buddhism and Manichaism based teachings. Translating most of the texts in this period, in which the first examples of the systematic religious terminology of the Turkic language are given, to the Old Uyghur Turkic through source or intermediate languages, compelled the Buddhist Uyghur priests to act in accordance with both the Turkic consciousness and the authenticity of the teaching concerned. Although the linguistic movements that started within the framework of the translation activities led by the Buddhist Uyghur priests originated from the desire to be told in the language that the relevant teachings will understand to the public, it is seen that language consciousness has developed with the Turkishization methods adopted over time. One of these methods of Turkishization is to make the translations of the relevant teaching in the source language with Turkic words and suffixes by making one-to-one translations. Accordingly, the religious terms included in the texts that were transferred to Old Uyghur Turkic through such as sources languages Chinese and Tibetan or intermediary languages such as Sogdian and Toharian, were tried to be translated in line with the language awareness applied by Buddhist Uyghur priests. One of the Turkishization products suitable for this approach is Skr. evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ is the translation of Old Uyghur Turkic ançulayu ärür mäniŋ äşidmişim as a product of one-to-one translation. In the source language, the meaning of "Thus have I heard" this expression, Old Uyghur Turkic texts in this meaning by preserving Skr. evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ also has a syntax similar to the expression. This article consists of religious and linguistic evaluations for the term in Old Uyghur Turkic texts. ançulayu ärür mäniŋ äşidmişim, which is the equivalent of Skr. evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ. In this direction, the religious aspect of the related term, Mahāyāna and Tantra, have been studied in the tradition, and the concept of the concept in the Old Uyghur Turkic texts has been tried to be shown structurally in the direction of the religious value of the expression.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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