Abstract:

For the first time in the Ottoman Empire, political movements begin in secret during the Tanzimat period. Political movements I. In the aftermath of Constitutional Monarchy, they are established in the form of societies and associations both inside and outside the country. II. After the Constitutional Monarchy, political societies increase their numbers rapidly and then some of these societies turn into political squares and continue their activities. Political divisions in the Ottoman Empire continued after the First World War with different names. Shortly after the founding of the Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal demands a multi-party political life, one of the most important criteria of democracy. For this reason, first the Republican People's Party in 1923, then the Progressive Republican People's Party in 1924, and the Free Republican Party in 1930. Due to the internal and external affairs of that country, multi-party political life can not be achieved. The process of political partyization in Turkey lives intellectuals in this period, but it can not officially emerge. In Turkey, political parties pass through formal and actual life only after the transition to multi-party political life after 1945.  In this work, political parties and processes in the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of political movements, intellectual movements, the establishment of political societies and factions, the National Struggle and the early days of the Republic of Turkey were discussed.

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