Özet:

Deciding on justice is considered one of the most important topics in the field of moral psychology. The findings show that people reject injustice by paying a price for their sensitivity to justice if they have less (disavantage injustice) or more (disavantage injustice) than others. According to studies in the field of developmental psychology, under the appearance of this behavior, called the avoidance of injustice, different mechanisms can play a role. Studies that study cultural differences in terms of age in which the evasion of injustice behavior arises, show that the evasion of disadvantaged injustice behavior in different cultures has a similar evolutionary path, while the evasion of disadvantaged injustice arises in different ages. This situation indicates that the age-related socialization practices and the role of cultural factors in which the advantageous injustice avoidance behavior arises is more dominant. Parallelly, in this aggregation study, it was first referred to the judgment approaches to justice in the subject of the current moral psychology, and then the studies on the evasion of injustice behavior in the developmental scale were summarized with cultural differences observed. When discussed together, previous studies explain the enrichment of strategies related to unfairness avoidance behavior with the age and the increased role of social context and reputation concern. From here, it is believed that different social practices in different cultures have a functional role in reducing reputation concerns, and that this situation has led to inter-cultural differences in the developmental course of behaviors relating to beneficial injustice avoidance. However, considering the results of current studies, it appears that the explanations made through individual and collective binary classification remain insufficient to understand these dynamics. In order to go beyond the explanations made through the individual and community binary classification in future studies, it is expected that a more detailed study of the roles of certain socialization dynamics in society, the expectations of parents in the family and the roles of social interaction practices widely accepted with relatives will make a significant contribution to the relevant field.

Özet:

Fairness-based decision-making is considered one of the most crucial topics in the literature on moral psychology. Previous findings have demonstrated that people make costly irrational decisions according to their level of fairness sensitivity. Moreover, individuals display inequity avoidance behavior by rejecting inequity favoring others (disadvantageous inequity) or themselves (advantageous inequity). According to developmental investigations, different mechanisms may underlie the display of advantageous or disadvantageous inequity avoidance. Previous studies have indicated that in various cultures, disadvantageous inequity avoidance follows a similar path, whereas advantageous inequity avoidance emerges at different ages. These findings have pointed out that socialization practices and cultural factors may be dominant in terms of the age of onset of advantageous inequity avoidance. In parallel, this review first presents the pioneer approaches to fairness in the recent literature on moral psychology and provides a summary of developmental studies that investigated inequity avoidance behavior by considering cultural differences. In summary, the literature has proposed that social context and reputational concerns may encourage children to adopt better strategies for displaying inequity avoidance with the increasing age. From this perspective, this notion was considered to lead to cross-cultural differences in the developmental spectrum of behaviors particularly linked to advantageous inequity avoidance. This finding may be attributed to different social practices across cultures that are considered to play a functional role in reducing reputational concerns. Moreover, explanations based on collectivistic versus individualistic dual perspective are unable to explicate various specific dynamics for understanding the age of onset of the display of inequity avoidance behavior. Therefore, further studies are required to reveal the roles of specific socialization dynamics in the community, parental expectations, and widely accepted social interaction practices with relatives, which would largely contribute to the relevant literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler: