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Kaynağı Avrupa olan, sanatta halka yönelme eğilimi, Osmanlı’da 19. yüzyılda başlamıştır. Ziya Gökalp ise hayatın tümünü içine alan bir bakışla “Yeni Hayat” felsefesini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Öncelikle dilde sadeleşme olarak görülen bu anlayış için Ömer Seyfettin, “Yeni Lisan” makalesini yazmıştır. Bu makalede “Yeni Hayat” felsefesi içinde yer alacak dil anlayışı ortaya konulmuştur. Ziya Gökalp, Selanik’teki arkadaşları, ülke çapında pek çok sanatçı ve aydın bu anlayışla eserler vermeye başlar. Bu felsefe Osmanlı’nın fikir zenginliğine katkı sağlarken yeni Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’ni kuran kadroları da yetiştirmiş olur. Aynı zamanda yeni devletin temel prensipleri de bu anlayıştan doğar. Bu çalışmada edebiyatta halka yönelme anlayışının Osmanlı’daki kısa özeti üzerinde durulacak. Ziya Gökalp’in Selanik’te basın yayın yoluyla başlattığı “Yeni Hayat” felsefesi söz konusu edilecek ve bu anlamda “Yeni Felsefe” ve “Genç Kalemler” dergileri üzerinde durulacaktır. “Yeni Hayat”ın başka bir uygarlığı taklit etmek gibi bir anlayışı yoktur. Bu anlayış bütün birikimleriyle, tarihi ve kültürüyle halka odaklanmayı amaç edinmiştir. Öncelikle dil birliği sağlayacak aydınlar, sanatın gelişmekte olan iç yapısına çalışmak yerine insan ve sanat, halk ve sanat düzleminde eserler verecektir. Bu sayede sanatçı için de yaşanılan hayat önemli bir malzeme haline gelmiş olacaktır. Böylece zamanın bir gerekliliği olarak halka yönelik sanat ortaya çıkacaktır. Bu durum, sanatçının halktan yararlanmasını gerekli kılacak sanatçıyla halkın iletişimi de böylece kurulmuş olacaktır.
The tendency to turn to the public in the art, which is the source of Europe, began in the Ottoman in the 19th century. Ziya Gökalp has revealed the philosophy of "new life" with a look into the whole of life. First of all, for this understanding that is seen as simplification in the language, Omer Seyfettin wrote the "New Lisan" article. This article reveals the understanding of the language that will be included in the philosophy of "New Life". Ziya Gökalp, his friends in Thessaloniki, many artists across the country and the bright begins to give works with this understanding. This philosophy contributes to the wealth of the ideas of the Ottoman, while also educates the staff who founded the new Republic of Turkey State. The basic principles of the new state also arise from this understanding. In this study, we will focus on the short summary of the understanding of public orientation in Ottoman. The "New Life" philosophy that Ziya Gökalp launched through a press release in Thessaloniki will be discussed and in this sense will be focused on the "New Philosophy" and "Young Pencils" magazines. The "New Life" has no sense of imitating another civilization. This understanding aims to focus on the public with all its accumulations, history and culture. First of all, the bright ones that will provide language unity will give works on the human and art, people and art levels instead of working on the developing interior structure of art. This will make the life of the artist an important material. The art will appear as a necessity of time to the public. This situation will also be established in the communication between the artist and the public that will make the artists need to benefit from the public.
The tendency to turn to the public in art, whose foundation is based on Europe, started in the 19th century in the Ottoman Empire. However, Ziya Gökalp reveals the philosophy of "New Life" with a view that covers the whole of life. Ömer Seyfettin wrote the "New Language" for this understanding, which is seen as simplification on the ground first. In this article, the understanding of the language that will take place in the philosophy of "New Life" is put forward. Ziya Gökalp, friends in Salonika and many artists and intellectuals around the country start to give works with this understanding. While this philosophy contributes to the richness of the Ottoman opinion, it also educates the people who founded the new Turkish Republic. At the same time, the basic principles of the new state arise from this understanding. In this study, a brief summary of the Ottoman concept of turn to the public in literature will be discussed. The "New Life" philosophy that Gökalp initiated through the media in Salonika will be discussed and the "New Philosophy (Yeni Felsefe)" and "Young Pens (Genç Kalemler)" magazines will be emphasized. “Yeni Hayat” does not have the principle of copying another civilization. That philosophy aims at focusing on the public with its all background, history and culture. The intellectuals will firstly provide a common language and then they will write with the perspective of human and art, public and art, instead of practicing on internal structure of art. Therefore, life will be a great material for the artists. Thus, art leaning to the public will appear as a result of the necessities of time. That will make benefiting from the public essential for the artists and so the connection between the public and the artists will be set.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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