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  Citation Number 10
 Views 137
 Downloands 60
Tasavvufun Bir İlim Olarak İnşâ Süreci: Şer’î ve Metafizik Bir İlim Olarak Tasavvuf
2015
Journal:  
Uludağ İlahiyat Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

İslam düşüncesinde ilimler arasında daima uzlaşma ya da çatışma şeklinde tezahür eden ilişki biçimleri olmuştur. Tasavvuf ilmi, belki de tarihî gelişim süreci açısından bu tarz ilişkilere muhatap olan başlıca ilimdir. Tasavvuf ile diğer ilimlerin ilişkisinde belirleyici olan unsur, tasavvufun bilgi üretme yöntemi olan bir ilim olup olmadığı meselesidir. Tasavvufun bu yönü açısından tarihsel gelişimine bakıldığında iki ana dönemi dikkat çekmektedir. Birinci dönemde tasavvuf, keşf ve müşâhedeye dayalı şer’î bir ilim olarak tanımlanmışken, İbnü’l-Arabî ile başlayan ikinci dönemde keşf ve müşahedenin varlık hakkında bilgi ürettiği metafizik bir ilim olarak inşa edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bütün dönemlerinde tasavvufun bilgiyi üreten bir ilim olup olmaması temel sorununa, iki dönemde farklı iki cevap verilmiştir. Tasavvufun şer’î bir ilim olarak sunulması, fıkıh ve hadis gibi ilimlere karşı ve onların düzleminde gerçekleşmişken, tasavvufun metafizik bir ilim olarak tasavvur edilmesi, felsefe ve kelam düzleminde oluşmuştur.   Anahtar Kelimeler: İlim, Tasavvuf, Metafizik, İbnü’l-Arabî, Şeriat, Hakikat   Building Process of Sufism as a Science: Sufism as a Shar‘ī and Metaphysical Science Abstract Throughout the history thought, sciences have always undergone various relations in form of either conciliation or conflict. Sufism might be the science that is most often subject to such relations during its development. The decisive element for the relation between Sufism and other sciences is whether Sufism, which is actually a methodology for generating knowledge, is a science. In this respect, two historical periods within the evolution of Sufism stand out. In the first era, Sufism was defined as a sharia science based on exploration and observation, whereas in the second era which began with Ibn Arabi, it was built as a metaphysical science where exploration and observation generates knowledge about being. Therefore, two eras provided two different responses to the question on whether Sufism is a knowledge-generating science. Sufism is presented as a sharia science with regard to and on the same basis as fiqh and hadith; while its envision as a metaphysical science grounds on philosophy and kalam.  Key Words: Science, Sufism, Metaphysics, Ibn Arabi, Sharia, Truth 

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