Edebiyat tarihi, edebi üretimler kadar bu üretimler üzerine yapılan yorum, teori ve eleştiri gibi değerlendirmelerin de tarihidir. Estetik objeyi esas alan bu değerlendirmeler, edebiyatın kendisi kadar eskidir. Aristoteles’in Poetika’sı bu bağlamda ele alınabilecek ilk ciddi ve sistemli girişimdir. Günümüzde ise poetika kavramı, bir şairin kendi şiir sanatı üzerine kaleme aldığı metinlerin karşılığı olarak kullanılır. Edebiyatın, devrin zihniyeti tarafından şekillendirildiği ve tarihin gömlek değiştirdiği dönemlerde sosyal bir mahiyet kazandığı bilinen bir durumdur. Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Abdülhamit yönetiminin siyasal atmosferinin ardından İkinci Meşrutiyet’in getirdiği atmosferi de yaşamış, art arda patlak veren savaşlarda her geçen gün daha da ufalanan devletin inkıraz çağına tanıklık etmiştir. Bilindiği üzere devrin sosyal-siyasi değişimleri ve düşünsel dönüşümleri, poetik söylemlerin art alanını belirler. Tarih, hâlden hâle evrilerek devam ettiği gibi tarihin şekillendirdiği insan da benzer bir değişim süreci yaşar. Bundan dolayı herhangi bir şairin poetik söylemi, sanatsal üretimi devam ettiği sürece mecra değiştirebilir. Akif’in, Safahat’ına almadığı ilk dönem şiirleri, başka bir poetik algının ürünleridir. Aşina bir ifade ile söylenecek olursa şair, şiir devrinde yazdıklarını şuur devrinde susturmayı tercih etmiştir. Mehmet Akif; yaşamı, düşünce dünyası ve sanat algısı arasında anlamlı bir paralelliği gözeten ender isimlerden biridir. Bu paralellik göz önüne alındığında, Akif’in poetik söylemine dair bütünlüklü bir bakış açısı geliştirme gerekliliği ortaya çıkar. Bu çalışmada Akif’in poetik nitelikli mensur ve manzum metinleri incelenerek onun poetik söylemi belirlendi. İnceleme sonucunda, Akif’in poetik söyleminde, sanat endişesinin öncelik olmadığı, kültür ve medeniyet tasavvuru üzerine inşa edilmiş olan bu söylemin, toplumsal terakki ve tekâmül süreçlerini esas aldığı görüldü.
Literary history is the history of the reviews, theory and criticism of these productions as well as literary productions. These assessments based on the aesthetic object are as old as the literature itself. Aristotle’s Poetry is the first serious and systematic attempt to be addressed in this context. Nowadays, the concept of poetry is used as a repayment for the texts a poet receives on his own poetry art. It is a known state in which literature was shaped by the mentality of the revolution, and in the periods in which history changed the shirt, it gained a social character. Mehmet Akif Ersoy has also lived the atmosphere brought by the Second Legacy after the political atmosphere of the Abdülhamit administration, and has witnessed the age of the state, which is increasingly weakened every day in the wars that explode. As it is known, the social-political changes of the revolution and the mental transformations determine the art field of poetic speeches. As history continues to evolve, the human being formed by history also experiences a process of change. Therefore, any poet’s poetic speech can change the mecra as long as the artistic production continues. The first period poems that Akif did not take to Safahat are the products of another poetic perception. If it was to be said with a phrase, the poet preferred to silence what he wrote in the poetry era. Mehmet Akif is one of the rare names that observes a meaningful parallel between life, the world of thought and art perception. Given this parallelity, there is the need to develop a comprehensive view of Akif’s poetic speech. In this study, Akif’s poetic qualifications and manuscripts were studied and determined by his poetic speech. As a result of the review, Akif’s poetic speech found that art concerns were not a priority, this speech, which was built on the culture and civilization design, was based on the processes of social trace and mutuality.
The history of literature is the history of evaluations such as interpretation, theory and criticism on these productions as well as literary productions. These evaluations based on the aesthetic object are as old as the literature itself. Aristotle's Poetics is the first serious and systematic initiative that can be taken into account in this context. Today, the concept of poetics is used as the equivalent of a poet's texts on her/his own art of poetry. It is a well-known fact that literature was shaped by the mentality of the period and gained a social character in the periods when history changed its shirt. Mehmet Akif Ersoy also experienced the atmosphere of the Second Constitutional Monarchy after the political atmosphere of the Abdulhamit II administration, and witnessed the era of decline of the state, which was crumbling day by day in the wars that broke out one after another. As is known, the social-political changes and intellectual transformations of the era determine the background of poetic discourses. Just as history continues by evolving from state to state, the human being shaped by history goes through a similar process of change. Therefore, the poetic discourse of any poet can change the medium as long as her/his artistic production continues. Akif's early poems, which he did not include in Safahat, are the products of another poetic perception. To be said with a familiar expression, the poet preferred to silence what he wrote in the age of poetry in the age of consciousness. Mehmet Akif is one of the rare names who observes a meaningful parallelism between his life, his world of thought and his perception of art. Considering this parallelism, it becomes necessary to develop a holistic perspective on Akif's poetic discourse. In this study, Akif's poetic texts were examined by scanning his prose and his poetic discourse was determined based on his poetic poems. In Akif's poetic discourse, it was seen that the concern of art was not a priority, and this discourse, which was built on the idea of culture and civilization, was based on social progress and evolution processes.
Alan : Filoloji
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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