Özet:

One of the crucial subjects in the wujūh (synonyms/similarities in pronunciation and differences in meaning) al-Qur’ān that is allowed to be read in different ways in the Qur’ān is the relation of these differences in the recitation. There are some essential matters concerning recitation differences, whether in the vocalization style of words, in the way of its writing in the muṣḥaf (Qur’ān manuscript), or the personal muṣḥaf of the companions. One of them is the relation of wujūh al-Qur’ān with dialect differences. Inasmuch that all those speaking with different dialects among Arab tribes had not got the same pronunciation ability. The vocalization of the words of the Qur’ān could also differ according to the dialects. About this reality, some dialect-based vocalizations are enabled so that the addressee does not have difficulty reading the Qur’ān. However, these differences were determined by revelation. These different modes of recitations, related to the way of vocalization from the recitations rooted in Arabic dialects, express the same meaning. Although semantic differences in a few recitations are associated with dialects, it is also concerned with ṣarf and nahw (verbology and syntax as foundations of Arabic grammar). Another issue regarding the differences in recitation is the relation of recitations with the written versions of muṣḥaf texts. Caliph Uthman ibn Affan established a committee comprising the companions of Prophet Muhammed to write the Qur’an and to prevent the ummah come into conflict. This copy was written based on the last reading of Prophet Muhammad with the angel Gabriel and the recitations, which are still valid. These muṣḥafs, which were written to allow divergence in the reciting of the official muṣḥaf, were devoid of dots and vowel points. The modes of recitation, which were valid but necessary to be written differently, were distributed among muṣḥafs sent to various towns. Notwithstanding, there are multiple meanings between these recitation variants distributed to the mushafs; they support each other from different angles. Another point relevant to the differences in recitation is some reading variations found in the muṣḥafs of the companions of Prophet Muhammad. Since these did not accord with the script of the muṣḥaf, the variations were considered invalid and used only for exegetical purposes. The article aims to contribute to an understanding of the relations of different vocalizations with dialect differences, the muṣḥaf script, and the muṣḥafs of companions of Prophet Muhammad.

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