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İbn Cinnî’nin El-muhteseb Adlı Eserinde Şâz Kıraatlere Yaklaşım Metodunun İncelenmesi
2022
Dergi:  
Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
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İbn Cinnî; Abbasiler döneminde yaşamıştır. O, Musul’da 322/934 yılında doğmuştur. Asıl adı Ebü’l-Feth Osmân b. Cinnî el-Mevsılî el-Bağdâdî’dir. İbn Cinnî; nahiv, sarf, lügat, edebiyat ve kıraat gibi birçok alanda yetkindir. Bu alanlardaki yetkinliği sebebiyle çeşitli nispetlerle anılmıştır. Nitekim o, nahiv ilmindeki bilgisinden dolayı nahvî, lügat ilmindeki bilgisi sebebiyle lügavî, doğduğu yere nispetle Mevsılî, babasının hizmetinde bulunduğu aileye nispetle Ezdî olarak tanınmıştır. Dil ve edebiyat alanlarındaki yetkinliği ve bu ilimlerle ilgili problemleri çözmedeki mahareti sebebiyle de Ebü’l-Feth künyesiyle anılmıştır. Müellif; kıraat, sarf, nahiv, lügat ve edebiyat gibi birçok alanda kendinden sonraki nesillere kaynaklık edecek birçok önemli eser kaleme almıştır. Kıraat ilmiyle alakalı el-Muhteseb fî tebyîni vücûhi şevâzzi’l-kırâ’ât ve’l-îzâh anhâ adlı eseri bunlardan biridir. Bu kitap, şâz kıraatler konusunda telif edilen en kapsamlı ve sistemli eserlerden birisidir. Ayrıca şâz kıraatlerin hücceti niteliğinde yazılmış olan ilk eserlerdendir. Bu bağlamda ihticâc li’l-kırâ’âti’ş-şâzze kategorisi İbn Cinnî’nin bu eseriyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Müellif, el-Muhteseb adlı kitabında İbn Mücâhid’in yedi ile sınırlandırdığı kıraatler dışındaki okuyuşları zikrederek bunların hüccetini yapmıştır. O, eserinde kıraat-i seb‘a dışında kalan okuyuşların sıhhat, dil ve anlam bakımından yedi kıraate eş değer olduğunu ispatlamaya çalışmıştır. Ancak onun bu eseri, kıraat-i seb‘a dışında kalan ve şâz olarak tanımlanan tüm okuyuşları içermemektedir. Nitekim İbn Cinnî; mukaddimesinde bu hususa işaret ederek eserinde yedi kıraatin dışında kalan okuyuşlardan ilk bakışta fark edilemeyecek inceliklere sahip olan vecihlere yer verdiğini, bunların dışında herhangi bir dilsel izah içermeyen ve anlaşılması kolay olan vecihlerle uğraşıp çabalamanın gereksiz olduğunu ifade etmiştir. İbn Cinnî, kıraat vecihlerini naklederken genel olarak okuyuşun nispet edildiği kişilerin isimlerini belirtmiştir. Ayrıca müellif okuyuş vecihlerini nakletmekle yetinmemiş kıraatlerin sahihini zayıfından ayırarak sahih kıraatleri tespit eden ve bu kategori içerisinden bir vechi tercihte kullanılan ihticâclara da geniş bir şekilde yer vermiştir. O, kıraatlerin ihticâcında isnâd, resm-i Mushaf, Arap dili kaideleri, sarf ve nahiv kuralları, lehçesel farklılıkları gibi dilsel hüccetlerle beraber âyet, hadis, sahâbe ve tabiûn kıraati gibi naklî hüccetleri kullanmıştır. İbn Cinnî, kıraatlerin tevcihinde özellikle Arap diline ait olan Arap şiiri, deyimler, lehçe, sarf ve nahiv kuralları gibi unsurlardan geniş bir şekilde faydalanmıştır. Arap ilminde eşsiz ve mükemmel eserlerin sahibi, sarf ve nahiv ilminde büyük bir âlim olarak nitelenen İbn Cinnî, kıraatlerin tevcihinde Arap dilindeki bu ilmî gücünü kullanmıştır. 0, genel dil kaidelerin tespitinde rol oynayan kıyas, sebep, illet, delil gibi ilkeleri kullanarak kıraatlerin tevcihini yapmış ve kıraat ihtilaflarının arkasındaki belâğî manaları ortaya çıkarmaya çalışmıştır. Onun naklettiği kıraatlerin hemen hemen hepsini dilsel ve naklî hüccetlerle delillendirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Aslında müellifin böyle bir çalışmayı yapmasının arka planındaki tek amaç kıraat-i seb‘a dışında kalan ve şâz olarak nitelenen bu kıraatlerin yedi kıraat karşısında düştüğü olumsuz ve kusurlu bakış açısını yok etmek ve bu okuyuşların yedi kıraatten farklı olmadığını ispat etmektir. İbn Cinnî, bu kıraatlerin sahîh bir senede dayandığını, fesahat ve belağat bakımından ise yedi kıraate denk olduğunu ispat etmeye çalışmıştır. Onun dil ve fesahat bakımından yedi kıraate denk olan okuyuş vecihlerini zikrettiği eserinin incelenmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Arap dilinin önde gelen ilim ehlinden biri olan İbn Cinnî’nin el-Muhteseb adlı eserinde şâz kıraatleri işleyiş tarzı, bu okuyuşların tevcihi ve kıraatler arasındaki tercihi gibi konularla onun şâz kıraatlere yaklaşım metodu incelenmiştir. İbn Cinnî’nin kıraatleri nakil metodu ve okuyuş vecihleriyle ilgili görüşleri aktarılırken döneminden önceki ve sonraki tefsir ve kıraat kaynaklarına da müracaat edilmiştir. Bu şekilde İbn Cinnî’nin şâz kıraat anlayışı ve bu kıraatlere yaklaşım tarzı diğer kaynaklarla mukayese edilerek tespit edilmiştir.

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Issue Of The Procedure Of The Procedure Of The Procedure Of The Procedure Of The Procedure
2022
Yazar:  
Özet:

Ibn Qinî lived in the period of Abbasians. He was born in 322/934 in Mosul. The name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name of the name. It is in many fields, such as Nakhiv, Sarf, Lies, Literature and Kiraat. Due to their competence in these fields, they are referred to in various proportions. In fact, because of his knowledge in the knowledge of nahiv, nahvî, because of his knowledge in the knowledge of laughat, lügavî, relative to the place where he was born, Mevsılî, relative to the family where his father was in service. Because of his competence in the fields of language and literature and his skill in solving problems related to these sciences, he was also mentioned by the Ebü'l-Feth canyon. In many fields, such as crater, sarf, nahiv, lie and literature, he has received many important works that will lead to the next generations. It is one of the most famous of them, and one of the most famous of them, and one of the most famous of them, and one of the most famous. This book is one of the most comprehensive and systematic works that are written about the shades. It is also one of the first works that were written in the character of the cell of the shades. In this context, it has been revealed that it is the most important thing that I have done in this way, and that it is the best thing that I have done in this way. In the Book of the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, the Holy Spirit, and the Holy Spirit. He tried to prove that the readings left out of his work were equal to seven readings in terms of health, language and meaning. But this work does not contain all the readings that are left except the crater-e-seb and defined as the shaz. In fact, Ibn Qinî has pointed out this matter by pointing out that in his work he has set the veils that have the subtles that cannot be noticed at first glance from the readings other than the seven veils, and that it is unnecessary to deal with veils that do not contain any language explanation and that it is easy to understand. The name of the people who are in the name of the people who are in the name of the people who are in the name of the people who are in the name of the people. In addition, the author has also placed a wide range of places to identify the authentic frailities by separating the authentic frailities from the weakness of the untouched frailities, and the possibilities used in an old preference from this category. He used translated hassets as is isad, resm-i Mushaf, Arabic kaiders, sarf and nahiv rules, and linguistic hassets as are the differences in the leeches, the Qur’an, the Qur’an, the Qur’an, the Qur’an, the Qur’an, and the Qur’an. Ibn Qinî has widely used the Arabic poem, the Arabic word, the Arabic word, the Arabic word, the Arabic word, the Arabic word, the Arabic word, the Arabic word, and the Arabic word. The Arabic is the Arabic, the Arabic is the Arabic, the Arabic is the Arabic, the Arabic is the Arabic, the Arabic is the Arabic, the Arabic is the Arabic, the Arabic is the Arabic. In the words of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: He has found that he has all of his spellings and spellings. In fact, the only purpose in the background of such a work is to destroy the negative and defective perspective in which these breaks, which remain outside the breaks and are classified as shades, fall against the seven breaks, and to prove that these readings are not different from the seven breaks. In the words of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “There are seven verses of the Qur’an, and there are seven verses of the Qur’an. He is the one who gives the knowledge and knowledge of the Qur’an, and the one who gives the knowledge of the Qur’an, and the one who gives the knowledge of the Qur’an. In this context, the study of the Arabic language, one of the leading scientists in the work of Ibn Qinî’s al-Muhteseb, the way of processing the shaz curates, the preference of these readings between the shaz curates and the method of approach to the shaz curates. In the words of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the words of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the words of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and the words of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). In this way, the perception of Ibn Qinî’s chaos and the approach to these chaos has been identified by comparing with other sources.

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Ibn Jinni̇’s Approach To Shadh Qiraah In His Work Titled Al-muhtasab
2022
Yazar:  
Özet:

Ibn Jinni lived during the Abbasids period. He was born in Mosul in 322/934. His full name was Ebu’l-Fath Osman b. Jinni al-Mavsılı al-Bağdadı. Ibn Jinni showed competency in a variety of fields including syntax, grammar, literature and recitation. It was due to this variety of competencies that he was mentioned in numerous fields throughout the centuries. He was dubbed a grammarian due to his knowledge in syntax, for his knowledge in lexicon he was considered a lexicographer, in regards to his birthplace he was also known as Mavsılı and in reference to the family for whom his father had been a servant he was called Ezdi as well. His competence in the fields of language and literature and his proficiency in solving the problems in these fields also earned him the tag of Ebu’l Fath. His best known work in the field of recitation is al-Muhtasab fı tabyını vucuhı şavazzı’l-kıraat ve’l-ızâh anha. This book is one of the most comprehensive and systematic works on shaz recitations. In this work, Ibn Jinni mentioned and compiled the other recitations that were previously excluded when Ibn Mujahid had restricted them to a number of seven. Yet, this work of the author does not in fact include all the recitations that are described as shaz and which had been excluded in the seven recitations (the qiraat-i seb’a ). As a matter of fact, in the introduction to his book Ibn Jinni pointed to this fact and explained that he had only included those recitations that possess subtle differences that would evade the attention at first glance and that he found it redundant to toil on those which required no linguistic explanations and were easy to figure out as they already were. While recounting the recitation styles and viewpoints, Ibn Jinni mentioned the names of those whom he considered to be the scholars to whom the commonly accepted recitation style was referred. Ibn Jinni also included an expound in length on the criterion of principles that would be employed in separating the authentic recitations from those with a slim chance of qualifying to be considered so, and opting for one of the choices in the former category. In the evaluation of principles, Ibn Jinni employed linguistic evidence such as imputation, al-rasmu’l moshaf, norms of the Arabic language, rules of grammar and syntax, and the differences in dialects along with the narrative evidence like verses of the Qur’an, hadiths, the recitations of the companions of the prophet, the phenomenon of seven letters and the like. Ibn Jinni made vast use of Arabic poetry and the sayings, dialects, grammar and syntax rules of the Arabic language in providing proof to the recitations. Described as he author of unique and wonderful works in the studies of Arabic sciences and a great scholar of grammar and syntax studies, Ibn Jinni applied his scientific proficiency in the Arabic language to establish proof for the recitations. He made use of the principles such as comparison, cause, reason and evidence, which are employed in determining the general norms of language, to grade the recitation styles and sought to find the rhetoric meanings behind the disputes in recitation styles. It has been detected that almost all of the recitations narrated by him were proved by linguistic and narrative evidence. What the author initially aimed to achieve by creating such a work was to reject the traditionally inferior consideration of the recitations which were excluded from the qiraat-i seba and to demonstrate that these recitations did not fall short of the seven recitations. He tried to prove that these recitations too were based on authentic grounds and they were equal to the seven recitations in terms of fluency and rhetoric. It is important to examine the work in point of recitations, in which he mentions the recitation aspects that are equivalent to seven recitations in terms of language and fluency. In this context, this paper examined the method of Ibn Jinnî, one of the leading scholars of the Arabic language, on the way of working, concentrating and choosing the recitations in his al-Muhteseb. Furthermore, this papers refers to the works of previous and latter Quranic commentaries and recitations while depicting Ibn Jinnî’s views method of transference and recitation angles. In this way, Ibn Jinnî's understanding of qiraat and his approach to recitations were determined by comparing them with other sources.

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