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This article examines the critical approaches to authentic qirāʿahs in early linguistic sources and the responses to those criticisms. Qurʾānic qirāʿahs have had a significant impact on language and syntax studies, as they are the subject of different pronunciations of words. In this framework, the early linguists dealt with the qirāʿah aspects, which became an issue of the science of syntax, especially with the phenomenon of lahn, in terms of language and iʿrāb, and they turned to linguistic ihtijāj to determine the aspects of the fluent and eloquent qirāʿahs. Two important schools based in Basra and Kūfe came to the fore regarding the compilation and use of the language. In particular, linguists belonging to the Basra language school benefited greatly from old Arabic poetry based on semāʿa, in linguistic comparison, shaz and invalid usages were not accepted in the Qurʾānic qirāʿah. They criticized such qirāʿahs even if they were included in the common qirāʿahs, and sometimes beyond criticism, they rejected these qirāʿahs with concepts such as lahn, fault, ghalaṭ, delusion (vehm), weak, qabīh and radī. Sībawayh (d.180/796), one of the pioneers of the Basra language school, was the first grammarian to initiate the tradition of criticism for authentic qirāʿahs. This process took on a systematic style with scholars whose linguistic identity was at the forefront: Yahyā b. Ziyād al-Farrāʼ (d.207/822), Mubarrad (d.286/900), Akhfash al-Awsat (d.215/830), Ibn Qutaybah (d.276/889), Zajjāj (d.311/923), Nahhās (d.338/950), Abū Ali al-Fārisī (d.377/987) and Ibn Jinnī (d.392/1002). However, it is quite interesting that scholars such as Ibn Mujāhid (d.324/936) and Makkī b. Abū Tālib (d.437/1045) who were distinguished by their identity as qirāʿah scholars were also included in this tradition. It is a fact that the scholars mentioned have made great contributions to the compilation, classification and systematization of qirāʿahs according to certain criteria. In this period, the fact that the traditional perception of the sahih-shaz category in qiraahs has not yet been clarified seems to be an effective factor. A group of scholars led by qira'ah scholars, who are based on narration and thought, in the determination of sahih qirāʿahs stated that these qirāʿahs, which were criticized linguistically by linguists, are not actually problematic, that there are references to them in the old Arabic poetry. They also rejected all these allegations by saying that these qirāʿahs were transmitted from the Prophet through tawātur both literally and semāʿa, and therefore they could not be weakened by linguistic rules that varied from school to school. The fact that very few studies have been conducted at academic level makes it necessary to address the issue thoroughly. This article aims to follow the historical course of critical approaches to the sahih qira'ahs in qira'ah sabʿa and ashere, to determine what the criticisms are for, with which incentives and concepts the criticisms have been made, and to analyze the answers given to the criticisms. Considering the volume of the study, the article was limited to early linguistic sources. The article frequently used descriptions, explanations and comparison methods in social sciences.

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