Özet:

Political art works, in general, were painted in order to give rulers advice on the subtilities of political art. Another objective of politics is the experience-based state administration and the practical morality of the period in which it is written that it is the definition of the duties of the governors and the determination of their limits. In this way, they are similar to the handbooks that are handed for managers in a sense. Another aspect of the political-type works in which the conception of the revolution can be observed is the search for the basis of sacred texts to prove the political legitimacy or invalidity of power, and also the legitimacy or authenticity of the throne mandates. For this purpose, the Qur’an was tried to bring evidence from the Kerim and the Hadith literature was used for the support of the view defended. It was essentially unlikely that in the Middle Ages, when religion and politics were accepted as brothers, religious elements were not subject to the works of state governance. The important thing here is that the point, the verses and the hadiths are tempted to be interpreted and explained in a way that supports the ideology of the author or man who presents his work from time to time. In this work we will also try to reveal in which subjects the verses and hadiths included in these works are used through the four examples of the policies that have emerged within the Islamic culture and civilization and which are a particular kind of politics. So we intend to prepare the infrastructure for the work that can be done by taking a verse or hadith to the center. The first political differences in Islamic history. It happened immediately after Muhammad's death. This is the difference between the majority of Muslims. The name of Abû Bekir was agreed. Muslims, the third Khalifa Hz. Until the second half of Osman's rule, the unifying power of the conqueror thought was especially gathered together. However, a great deal of economic-based problems have led to the end of the peace period within the Islamic society, leaving its place to disputes. The disputes turned into conflict and eventually Hz. The separation phytile in which Osman's capital Medina was shot by the murderer, the Cemel and Sifin Wars, the emergence of the Haricites, the formation of the Shia, and subsequently deepening intellectual divisions, became a great fire. As a result of political discussions, with deeper ideological divisions, the Islamic history has been the scene of the conflict of different religious views and beliefs. In the Islamic political thought, the first two centuries of the process were shaping around the views of the fighters, the muhadis and the mutilation. In this period, the first sources to which those who enter the effort to justify their own opinions were the Qur’an-i Kerim and Hadith literature, which Muslims accept as a determining element in all their facts. The two main sources of the Islamic religion, the Qur’an and the hadiths are based on the views used to influence the people, to legitimize the creations and to destroy the claims of the opponents. But the class of the Turkish and Persian who have taken office as bureaucrates and soldiers in the state stages and got into an effective position within the state has changed and the political thought has entered a new path. In particular, the names of Persian origin have brought the counseling culture, which is a product of both their own and the Greek and Indian civilizations, to the Islamic thought. These works began in the Emevîler period and were awarded to the Islamic society with translation activities that came to the top with Beytü'l-Hikme in the Abbâsîler period. Together with the works translated, the ideas of these civilizations on the ideal state administration, politics and ethics have been recognized by Muslim allies. These works are known as political in Islamic thought. From the middle of the century, the Muslims began to take the pen as well. Politics are political, moral and religious works that give the rulers practical advice to keep their powers, religious orders and prohibitions, in accordance with the authority of God and the people whom he has been assigned to govern, in the manner that will be pleased. Since the politics are focused on what should be, such works are largely theoretical books. The calls are the studies that focus on how the rulers can preserve and increase the power they have, and with which practices the state will preserve its existence for a longer period. The basic point of political thinking and understanding of politics is the concepts and definitions. When referring to the meaning of a word, the existence of a general definition is often considered. But the concepts reflect the meaning that the user puts on him in the context of his thoughts, perceptions, criticisms, explanations and analyses. Concepts such as fair, honest, brave, heroic, beautiful, rich, madur and clean mean whatever the person carries it. In other words, it determines the contents of the concept that everyone uses to the extent that experience is used. The meaning of the concepts changes the time and the contemplation of that concept. Even the concepts that are focused on many such as justice, liability, consultation can be changed in different periods and geographics. The concepts that are often used to facilitate understanding, are also used to judge from time to time, to put into a particular pattern or to mislead the interlocutor. In this context, it is necessary to enter the user's mind to be able to do the concept analysis. In the Islamic civilization, the principles of governance are also explained by concepts. The specialities that Muslims expect from an ideal manager during the administration are defined as justice, consultation, loyalty, trust and legitimacy with their main lines, and the names have been given a wide collection of concepts that are mainly relevant to administration. This type of political activity is formed by political parties. There are many politics in the Islamic history that have been tagged in different periods by names from different geographies and infrastructures. If the advice given in politics is similar to one another, the arguments and examples preferred in the basis of the advice given are different. The names in active politics mostly based their views on political arguments, while the names with scientific tradition have supported their advice with religious arguments. There are signs in the first verses of the Qur’an. There are many verses that have been revealed when the concepts are explained and the importance of the advice given is highlighted. Some of the signs are used only by one author, while some of the signs are obtained by many author. The same way the hadiths and the words that are considered as hadiths are also used to strengthen the emphasis and meaning. At this point, the signs and the hadiths are sometimes not concerned. In this work we aim to focus on the purposes of the religious elements. There have been different opinions on the limits of obedience to this member'l-emr, which is used to identify the names referred to in the public and the top-level administrators in literature. The reason for the difference is that each religious or religious ecologist makes an explanation in the foundation of his own opinions while explaining the verse. The righteousness of the rulers is the most emphasized concept. The righteousness, which has been shown as the most important characteristic of a ruler, has been considered to be extremely important for the state to be able to maintain its existence until the Day of Resurrection. Justice is also considered the most important requirement for the continuation of government/government authority. Consulting is important to make the right decision. The king's personal characteristics were also used by the verses and hadiths. Being compassionate, standing in the word, being righteous in anger, patience, honesty, gratitude to the grace, misericordia, pleasure of self, not standing in the word and returning from the promise and pride have been the subject of politics. When we look at the reviewed politics as a whole, it appears that the concept of religion and accepting the world (state) as a brother, which is a product of the ancient Fars tradition, is a step further and that religion and rule are depicted as inseparable twin brothers. In this sense, the religion was recognized as a root, and the political authority was also charged with its pregnancy. In the political philosophy, the Qur’an and the Qur’an are the most important verses of the Qur’an. As a result of this, it can be said that in the period that we discussed the religion as the basis of the morality, the politicians who put deep meanings on the religious-government relationship can see both institutions as complementary and integrative to each other.