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Türkiye’de çok partili hayata geçişle beraber dinamiklik kazanan seçim müessesesi 1930 yılında yapılan belediye seçimlerinde ayrı bir nitelik kazanmıştır. 1930 belediye seçimleri günümüzdeki gibi doğrudan belediye başkanının halkın oylarıyla belirlendiği bir seçim değildir; ancak belediye meclis adayları için yapılan bir seçim olarak önemli niteliklere sahiptir. İlk defa tek dereceli yapılan ve aynı zamanda kadınlara seçme ve seçilme hakkı tanınan bu seçimlerin bir başka önemli özelliği Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde ilk kez bir muhalefet partisinin iştirak etmesidir. Temel olarak ekonomik şartlardan ve aynı zamanda hükûmetin denetlenmesi ihtiyacından doğan ve kuruluşundan kısa süre sonra yerel seçimlere girme kararı alan Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası, Türkiye’nin diğer bölgelerinde olduğu kadar İstanbul gibi büyük öneme sahip büyük bir şehirde de iktidardaki Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası’na karşı mücadele vermiştir. İstanbul’da muhalefet partisinin, Makbule Hanım, Suat Derviş, Nezihe Muhittin gibi üç önemli kadın adayın yanı sıra 13 de gayrimüslim adaya listesinde yer vermesi dikkate değerdir. Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası böylece hem o dönemde Türkiye’nin tanınmış isimleriyle seçmenlerin dikkatini çekmeye çalışmış ve hem de kültürel zenginlik olarak nitelenebilecek azınlıklara seçim yarışına girme fırsatı tanımıştır. Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası ise eski belediye yahut vilayet meclis üyelerini yani tecrübeli isimleri tekrar aday göstermeyi tercih etmiştir. Her ne kadar iki partinin yanı sıra bağımsız adayların da yer aldığı bir mücadele olmasına rağmen İstanbul seçimleri seçmen nezdinde fazla bir ilgi toplayamamıştır. Sadece 50 bin vatandaşın oy verdiği seçimler siyasal katılım açısından Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarının en az ilgi çeken seçimlerinden birisidir.
With the transition to the multi-party life in Turkey, the electoral agency, which won dynamics, won a distinct qualification in the municipal elections held in 1930. The 1930 municipal elections are not a election where the direct mayor is determined by the people's votes as today, but they have important qualities as a election for the municipal council candidates. Another important feature of these elections, which were held for the first time in a single degree and also recognized the right of women to be elected and elected, is the participation of an opposition party for the first time in the Republican Period. Basically arising from economic conditions and also the need for government control and deciding to enter local elections shortly after its establishment, the Free Republic Frontier has fought against the Republic People's Frontier in power in a large city with great importance as in other regions of Turkey as well as in Istanbul. In Istanbul, it is worth noting that the opposition party, Makbule Ms, Suat Derviş, Nezihe Muhittin, and three major women candidates, as well as 13 non-Muslims, are on the list. Thus, the Freedom Republic Frontier has tried to attract the attention of the voters with the famous names of Turkey in that period and has recognized the opportunity to enter the election race to the minorities that can be described as cultural wealth. The Republican People's Division has preferred to nominate the former municipality or provincial council members, namely the experienced names. Although there was a struggle in which both parties and independent candidates participated, the Istanbul elections did not gather much interest in the electorate. The elections voted by only 50,000 citizens are one of the least interesting elections in the first years of the Republic in terms of political participation.
The elections, which gained dynamism with the transition to the multiparty system in Türkiye, gained a different quality in the municipal elections held in 1930. The 1930 municipal elections were not the elections where the mayor was directly elected by popular votes as it is today, but it had important qualities as an election for municipal council candidates. Another important feature of this election, which was held for the first time in a single step and also gave women the right to vote and be elected, is that an opposition party participated in the elections for the first time in the Republican era. The Free Republican Party, which was born mainly from the economic conditions and, also the need to supervise the government and decided to enter local elections shortly after its establishment, competed against the ruling Republican People’s Party in a big city like Istanbul as well as in other regions of Türkiye. It is remarkable that the opposition party in Istanbul included 13 non-Muslim candidates in its list, in addition to three important female candidates such as Makbule Hanım, Suat Derviş and Nezihe Muhittin. Thus, the Free Republican Party both tried to attract the attention of the voters with the well-known names of Türkiye at that time, and also gave the minorities, who could be described as cultural wealth, the opportunity to enter the election race. Republican People’s Party, on the other hand, preferred to nominate former municipal or provincial council members, namely experienced names. Although it was a struggle involving independent candidates as well as two parties, the Istanbul elections did not attract much attention from the voters. The elections, in which only 50 thousand citizens voted, are one of the least interesting elections in the first years of the Republic in terms of voter turnout.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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