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Osmanlı Devleti’nde günümüzde kamu tarafından gerçekleştirilen eğitim, sağlık, bayındırlık, din ve benzeri hizmetler vakıflar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu hizmetlerin icra edilebilmesi amacıyla da gayrimenkul ve menkul varlıklar kişiye ait özel mülkiyetten çıkartılarak vakıf kurumu altında tüzel kişilik vasfını kazanmıştır. Sermayesi menkul varlıklara dayanan vakıflar para vakfı olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Para vakıflarında vakfedilen nakit para belirli bir nema oranıyla çeşitli usullerle işletilip elde edilen gelir kamu hizmetlerine sarf edilmiştir. Para vakfına konu olan nakit sermaye kredi mekanizması içerisinde işlettirilerek hem gelir elde edilmiş hem de finansman ihtiyacı olan toplumun her kesiminden kişilerin nakit ihtiyaçları karşılanmıştır. Buna ilaveten elde edilen gelir de yine toplumun ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasına yönlendirilmiştir. Vakıfların kuruluşu mahkemede kadı huzurunda gerçekleştirilmekte ve vakfın vakfiyesi şerʻiyye sicillerine kaydedilmekteydi. Bununla birlikte kredi işlemleri de resmi bir süreç içerisinde gerçekleştirilerek yine şerʻiyye sicillerine kaydedilmiştir. Söz konusu kayıtlardan yararlanarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada 1868-1869 yılları arasında Çanakkale şerʻiyye sicil defterlerinden 1125 numaralı deftere yansıyan 112 adeti para vakıflarına, 19 adeti de şahıslara ait olmak üzere toplamda 131 kayıt ele alınmıştır. Defterdeki kayıtlarda toplamda 204 kredi işlemi muâmele-i şerʻiyye usulüyle yapılmıştır. Bu kayıtlar ışığında 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Çanakkaleʼde kredi piyasasının yaklaşık olarak 1 yıllık kredi raporu ortaya konulmuştur.
In the Ottoman State today, education, health, education, religion and other services performed by the public through the foundations. For the purpose of the services being performed, the real estate and the property of the person have been removed from the private property of the foundation under the foundation institution and have gained the legal personality of the person. The funds based on capital assets are named funds of money. The money founded in the funds of money is spent on public services with a certain amount of money operated and obtained in various procedures. The cash capital, which is subject to the fund, is operated within the credit mechanism and the cash needs of individuals from every section of the society that needs income and funding are satisfied. In addition, the revenue is redirected to the satisfaction of the needs of society. The foundation was organized in the court in the presence of the woman and the foundation was recorded in the sheriff registers. However, the credit transactions are also carried out in an official process and are recorded in the sheriff records. In this study, which was prepared using the aforementioned records; from 1868 to 1869 from the Chanakkale sher'ye registers to the 1125 register; 112 to the monetary foundations, 19 to the persons, 131 records were addressed. In the book, a total of 204 credit transactions have been made in the procedure of mutual sheriff. In the light of the 19th. In the second half of the century, the credit market’s approximately 1 year credit report was revealed in Çanakkale.
In the Ottoman Empire, education, health, public works, religion, and similar services provided by the state today were carried out through endowments. In order to perform the aforementioned services, real estate and movable assets were converted into the qualifications of a legal entity under the endowment institution by removing them from the private property of the person. Foundations whose capital is based on movable assets are called cash waqf. The cash donated in cash waqfs was operated with a certain rate of interest, and the income obtained was spent on public services. By operating the cash foundation subject to the money foundation within the credit mechanism, both the income and cash needs of people from all segments of society in need of financing were met. Furthermore, the income generated is used to meet the needs of society. The waqfs were being established in court in the presence of the qadi and recorded in the court records (the "Endowment Charter"). In addition, credit transactions were being carried out in a formal process and were being recorded in court records. Between 1868 and 1869, 131 records were handled in this study using these records, 112 of which belonged to cash waqfs and 19 to individuals. These records are in the 1125-numbered ledger from the Çanakkale court records. In total, 204 credit transactions were recorded in the ledger. In loan transactions, transactions were made using the method of muʻamale-i şerʻîyye. According to these records, in the second half of the nineteenth century, approximately one year's worth of credit history for the credit market was presented in Çanakkale.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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