Özet:

It is a question of the history of thinking about how the languages formed among the first human communities. The subject of the origins of the languages has been discussed throughout the ages by philosophers, theologists and linguists. In these discussions, different approaches to the origin of the language have been studied from different points of view. In this study, I aim to study different theories about the origin of the languages in the Islamic thought and the theological contexts of these theories. Specifically, the language is concerned with the origins of the word and the knowledge of the process. The question is in the essence of who the first language was created. The ancestor of the human species is HZ. The first language that Adam speaks is the language of God, and the first language that Adam speaks is the language of God, and the first language is the language of God. In the Quran, the question of the origin of the language is discussed in relation to the name of Allah, the responsibility of man, the interpretation of the Qur’an. This is the question of whether the Qur’an is a substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial substantial. The theories of the origins of the languages in the Islamic thought can be classified in the form of "the theory of the Zathi/Tabi's delâlet", "the theory of the Tevqîf", "the theory of Muvâza", "the theory of the Tevqîf". The theory of the Ehl-in-Sünnet Abûl-Hasen al-Asharî. 324/935-36), Ibn Fâris 395/1004) by Ibn Fûrek. 406-1015), Abû Isâk al-Isferaiini 418/1027), Ibn Hazm 456/1064) and Ibn Teymiyye. 728/1328) is the same as the world. According to this view compared to the general of the spouses, the language can be taught by God by creating voices to man through the revelation or by creating compulsory/aprior knowledge in man. According to Ibn Teymiyye, one of the defenders of this theory is that the language is given by Allah (tevkif). God is the one who gives the word to the human being. The first inspiration is Hz. It was given to Adam. This inspiration is given not only to humans, but also to animals. Those who defend this theory "Allah taught Adam all the names." He has taught the Qur’an, He has created man, He has taught him to explain. They have brought some evidence from the Qur’an by moving from the signs, such as (Rahman, 55/1-4) Those who defend this theory that the language of speech takes a very long time to be formed by humans, that is why God’s Hz. They said that he taught Adam the language. The theory of Muvâza is usually specific to Mu'tezile and to Abu Hâşim. 321 / 933) is compared. According to this theory, the language he speaks is the person who produces in history. God has given man the ability to speak and understand. The first people recognized the beings and then made some voices, pointing them out, and then agreed on what those voices pointed out to that being. The language that people speak in this way has been formed in the historical process by the consensus of people on the voices and manas. According to those who defend this theory, it is necessary to have a language that people speak among themselves before God sends the revelation to people. The Qur’an says, “We have sent every Prophet with the tongue of his people.” This also shows that before the revelation is sent, people have a language. The teaching of the language by God also enables the form of compulsory knowledge in man. If man knows the truth of the existence, he will know his responsibility in this way. The knowledge of God is not the knowledge of man, but the knowledge of man is the knowledge of man. These theories about the origin of the language have some theological contexts. The question of the origin of the first language is about giving the name to God. Those who believe that the tongue can be produced by the people of Mu'tezile allies that the name can be given to Allah through reason and comparison. Those who have the source of the tongue based on the teaching of Allah, but those who have not seen the name of Allah by the way compared, except the names determined by the Sharia. Secondly, the issue of the origin of the languages is related to the subject of man’s responsibility (proposal). They said that the people should first find a language they speak in order that God should speak to man. Thirdly, the issue of the origin of the languages is associated with the people’s Qur’an and the subject of the te’vil. The Qur’an was revealed through the language that the people created, and was created afterwards. In this case, the Qur’an will be interpreted. In short, the views on the origin of the language have been revealed in support of some theological approaches.

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Özet:

Dünyada konuşulan yüzlerce dil bulunmaktadır. Bütün bu dillerin zaman içerisinde tıpkı canlı bir varlık gibi gelişip değiştiği bilinen bir husustur. Ancak insanlık tarihinin başlangıcına gidildiğinde bu yargıya kolayca varılabilir mi? Acaba insanoğlu konuşmaya nasıl başladı? Dilin kökenine ilişkin bu soru, tarih boyunca merak uyandırmış, konu hakkında farklı görüşler ileri sürülmüştür. Dini bağlamda konunun en tartışmalı kısmı, dilin Allah tarafından verili (tevkîfî) bir şey mi yoksa insanların kendi aralarında anlaşma yoluyla ortaya koydukları (muvâzaa) bir şey mi olduğu meselesidir. Kur’an-ı Kerim’de Allah tarafından ilk insan Hz. Âdem’e bütün isimlerin öğretildiği ifade edilir. Bazı din bilginleri bu ayeti esas alarak dilin verili bir olgu olduğunu ileri sürmüştür. Bazıları ise tam aksine dilin insanların uzlaşısıyla oluştuğunu savunmuştur. Bunun yanında konu hakkında görüş beyan edilemeyeceğini ileri sürenler de vardır. Dillerin kökeni hakkındaki tartışmalar aynı zamanda bazı Kelâm problemleriyle de ilişkili bulunmaktadır. Dillerin kökeni meselesi Kelam’da Allah’ın isim ve sıfatları, teklif, kelâmullah tartışması ve te’vîl konularıyla ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada insanoğlunun konuştuğu ilk dilin kökeni hakkındaki farklı yaklaşımlar ele alınacak ve bu yaklaşımların teolojik boyutları tartışılacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı dilin kökeni hakkındaki tarihi ve güncel tartışmalara zenginlik kazandırmak ve oluşan sorulara ışık tutmaktır. Çalışmada kaynak tarama ve veri analizi yöntemine başvurulmuştur.