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Okuma, ön bilgileri kullanarak duyu organları vasıtasıyla alınan sembollerin, zihinsel bir işlem sonucunda metinlerden anlam kurma sürecidir. Okuma anlamayla sonuçlanmalıdır. Anlamadan yapılan okuma ise sadece seslendirmeden ibarettir. Okuduğunu anlama, bireyin okuduğu metinlerden edindiği yeni bilgileri eski bilgilerle karşılaştırıp yeni bir öğrenmeye ulaşmasıdır. Hayatı boyunca öğrenen insan, öğrenmelerinin çoğunluğunu okuma anlama yoluyla gerçekleştirir. Okuma anlama becerisini iyi kullanan bireylerde öğrenme seviyesi yüksektir. Bu durum bireyin okul başarısına doğrudan etki eder. Dolayısıyla okuma anlama becerisinin etkili kullanımı, bireyin ilköğretimden başlayarak gelecekteki başarısını etkilemektedir. Ancak her bireyin okuma anlama becerilerini kullanma seviyelerinin farklılık gösterdiği ne yazık ki toplumumuz tarafından pek anlaşılamamaktadır. Ülkemizde özellikle ilkokulda okuma güçlüğü yaşayan çok sayıda öğrencinin olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Okuma güçlüğü, çocuğun okumaya engel teşkil edebilecek herhangi bir fiziksel (işitsel, görsel) ve zekâ yönünden problemi olmamasına rağmen okumayı öğrenmede akranlarından geride olmasıdır. Okuma problemleri öğrenci, öğretmen ve velilerden kaynaklı sorunlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Fakat öğrenciler, öğretmenler ve velilerde bu sorunlarla nasıl başa çıkacaklarını tam olarak bilememektedir. Bu noktada sorunlara çözüm olarak uygulanan farklı yöntem ve teknikler vardır. Bunlardan Fernald Yöntemi okuma güçlüklerini gidermede ve akıcı okuma becerilerini geliştirmede etkilidir. Fernald Yöntemi özellikle disleksili okuyucuların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırma Fernald Yönteminin okuma güçlüklerinin gidermedeki önemini ele alan literatür taramasına yönelik bir çalışmadır.
Reading is the process of making meaning from the texts of the symbols received through the sensory organs using pre-information as a result of a mental process. It must end with reading. Reading without understanding is just not speaking. The meaning of reading is that the individual compares the new information he has received from the text he has read with the old information and reaches a new learning. A person who learns throughout his life achieves most of his learning through reading understanding. The level of learning is high in individuals who use the ability to understand read well. This directly affects the school success of the individual. Therefore, the effective use of the reading understanding ability affects the individual’s future success, starting from elementary education. Unfortunately, the level of use of each individual’s reading understanding skills is not quite understood by our society. There are many students in our country, especially in primary schools, who have difficulty reading. The difficulty in reading is that the child is behind his colleagues in learning to read, although there is no physical (hearing, visual) and intellectual issues that can prevent the child from reading. Reading problems come to us as problems arising from students, teachers and guardians. But students, teachers and guardians don’t know exactly how to deal with these problems. There are different methods and techniques used as a solution to problems at this point. From these, the Fernald Method is effective in removing reading difficulties and improving fluent reading skills. The Fernald method is especially used in the treatment of dyslexic readers. This research is a study aimed at literary scan which discusses the importance of the Fernald Method in addressing reading difficulties.
Reading is the process of constructing meaning from texts as a result of a mental process of symbols received through sense organs using prior knowledge. Reading should result in comprehension. Reading without understanding consists only of voicing. Reading comprehension is when an individual compares the new information gained from the texts they have read with the old information and achieves a new learning. A person who learns throughout his life performs most of his learning through reading comprehension. The level of learning is high in individuals who use reading comprehension skills well. This has a direct impact on the individual's school performance. Therefore, the effective use of reading comprehension skills affects the individual's future success starting from primary education. However, it is unfortunately not understood by our society that the level of reading comprehension skills of each individual varies. It is estimated that there are a large number of students in our country who have reading difficulties, especially in primary school. Reading difficulties are due to the fact that the child is behind his peers in learning to read, although he does not have any physical (auditory, visual) and intelligence problems that may be an obstacle to reading. Reading problems arise from students, teachers and parents. However, students, teachers and parents do not know exactly how to deal with these problems. At this point, there are different methods and techniques applied to solve problems. Of these, the Fernald Method is effective in eliminating reading difficulties and developing fluent reading skills. Fernald Method is used especially in the treatment of dyslexic readers. This research is a study of literature which discusses the importance of Fernald Method in eliminating reading difficulties.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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