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Coğrafi olarak Anadolu’nun kuzey doğusunda bulunan Trabzon, tarih boyunca önemini korumuş bir şehirdir. Daha ilkçağlardan itibaren bölgenin tek limanı olması, Anadolu’nun içlerine, hatta Doğu Anadolu üzerinden Güney Kafkasya ve İran’a ulaşan konumu ile geniş bir hinterlanta sahip olması kentin önemini artıran bir unsur olmuştur. Ayrıca şehrin kendine özgü jeo-stratejik konumu ve önemli ticaret yolları üzerinde bulunması, Yunan kolonileri, Medler, Persler, Romalılar, Bizanslılar ve Osmanlılar gibi pek çok devletin bölgede siyasi hâkimiyet kurmalarına sebebiyet vermiştir. Trabzon’un ne zaman ve kimler tarafından kurulduğuna ilişkin herhangi bir kesin bilgi olmamakla birlikte, M.Ö 756’da bir Milet kolonisi olarak ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Yapılan kimi arkeolojik çalışmalar neticesinde kent ve yakın çevresinin iskân tarihinin çok eski dönemlere kadar gittiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna ek olarak, Trabzon, Akdeniz’in uluslararası seyahatler için güvenli olmadığı 13. yüzyıldan Karadeniz’in Osmanlı gölü haline gelişine kadar olan süreçte, doğu-batı geçişinin önemli bir kapısı olmayı sürdürmüştür. Bu nedenle, antik dönemlerden itibaren bölgeye olan ilginin daha sonraki dönemlerde de devam ettiği görülmektedir. Özellikle 19. yüzyılda kente yönelik olan bu ilgi, sadece Avrupa Rönesans’ı ve Aydınlanma’sının antikçağlara duyduğu romantik kültürel ilgiyle sınırlı kalmamış, batılı devletlerin doğrudan siyasi ve ekonomik çıkarları ile de iç içe geçmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bölgeyi tüccar ve konsoloslar, gezginler, misyonerler, botanikçiler, tarihçi ve sanat tarihçileri gibi çok sayıda meslek grubuna mensup seyyah ve araştırmacı ziyaret etmiştir. Bunlardan birisi de Alman asıllı tıp ve bitki koleksiyoncusu olan Karl Heinrich Emil Koch’dur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, onun 1843 yılında Trabzon, Of ve Sürmene’ye dair gözlem ve incelemelerinden yola çıkarak bölgeye dair verdiği bilgileri değerlendirmeye tabi tutmak ve böylece hem alan literatürüne hem de bölge tarihinin aydınlatılmasına kimi katkılar sağlamaktır.
Located geographically in the northeastern part of Anadolu, Trabzon is a city that has retained its importance throughout history. Since the early ages, being the only port of the region has been an important factor in the city’s importance, having a wide landscape with its location reaching the south of the Caucasus and Iran through the Anatolian region and even the East of the Anatolian region. Furthermore, the city’s its own geo-strategic location and its presence on important trade routes has led to the establishment of political sovereignty in the region by many states, such as the Greek colonies, the Medler, the Persian, the Romans, the Byzantine and the Ottoman. Although there is no precise information about when and by whom Trabzon was founded, it is believed that it appeared as a Milet colony in 756 BC. Some archaeological studies have shown that the history of the city and its nearby surroundings has gone to the very ancient times. In addition, Trabzon has continued to be an important gateway to the east-west transition, in the process that the Mediterranean is not safe for international travel from the 13th century to the Black Sea's becoming an Ottoman lake. Therefore, it appears that the interest in the area from the ancient times continues in the later periods. This interest in the city, especially in the 19th century, has not been limited to the romantic cultural interest that the European Renaissance and the Lightning have heard to the ancient times, but has also been intertwined with the direct political and economic interests of the Western states. In this context, the region was visited by travelers and researchers belonging to a number of professional groups, such as traders and consulates, travelers, missionaries, botanists, historians and art historians. One of them is Karl Heinrich Emil Koch, a German-born medicine and plant collector. The objective of this study is to evaluate the information he has given about the region, based on his observations and examinations of Trabzon, Of and Sürmene in 1843, and thus to contribute to both the literature of the area and the enlightenment of the region’s history.
Trabzon, geographically located in the northeast Anatolia, is a city that has maintained its importance throughout history. The fact that it is the only port of the region since ancient times, its location reaching to the interior of Anatolia and even to South Caucasus and Iran through Eastern Anatolia, has been a factor that increases the importance of the city. Besides, the unique geostrategic location of the city and its location on important trade routes caused many states such as Greek colonies, Medes, Persians, Romans, Byzantines and Ottomans to establish political dominance in the region. Although there is no definite information as to when and by whom Trabzon was founded, it is thought that it emerged as a Miletus colony in 756 BC. As a result of some archaeological studies, it is revealed that the settlement history of the city with its surroundings goes back to ancient times. Also, Trabzon continued to be an essential gate of the east-west transition from the 13th century, when the Mediterranean was not safe for international travel until the Black Sea became an Ottoman lake. For this reason, it is seen that the interest in the region since ancient times continued in later periods. Particularly in the 19th century, this interest in the city was not limited to the romantic cultural interest of the European Renaissance and the Enlightenment in antiquity, but also intertwined with the direct political and economic interests of western states. In this context, the region was visited by travellers and researchers from many professions such as merchants and consuls, travellers, missionaries, botanists, historians and art historians. One of them is Karl Heinrich Emil Koch, a German-born medicine and herb collector. This study aims to evaluate the information he gave about the region based on his observations and explorations about Trabzon, Of and Sürmene in 1843. Thus, the study contributes to the field, mainly to literature about the enlightenment of the region.
Alan : Güzel Sanatlar; Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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