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Bu çalışmada, Enver Paşa’nın Osmanlı Devleti’ni Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na nasıl soktuğu ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda coğrafi olarak en büyük cephe özelliğine sahip olan Doğu (Kafkas) harekatının başlangıç muharebeleri olarak kabul edilen Köprüköy ve Azap Muharebeleri incelenmiştir. İngiltere’ye ısmarlanan ve parası peşin olarak ödenen iki savaş gemisi, Dünya Harbi’nin çıkacağının anlaşılması ile İngiliz Donanma Bakanı Winston Churcill’in girişimleri ile Osmanlı Devleti’ne verilmedi. Bu olay Osmanlı Devleti’ni Üçlü İtilaf’tan uzaklaştıran ve Almanya’ya yaklaştıran en önemli hadise oldu. Osmanlı Devleti, İngiltere’ye Almanya’dan gelen Goeben ve Breslau zırhlı gemilerinin satın aldığını bildirdi. Böylece, çağın en modern gemilerinden sayılan bu iki gemi, Osmanlı Deniz Kuvvetlerinin envanterine dahil edildi. İçinde Goeben zırhlısı ve Breslau kruvazörünün bulunduğu Osmanlı Donanma gücü, Alman Amiral Suşon’un emrinde 29 Ekim 1914 tarihinde Sivastapol, Odesa, Novarosiski ve Kofe deniz üslerini bombardımana tuttu. Bu girişim ile Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya fiilen savaşa girmiş oldular. Enver Paşa’yı bu savaşa geç girilmesi ve Doğu (Kafkas) Cephesi’nde bir kış harekatının yapılmaması konusunda Kazım Karabekir Paşa, Hasan İzzet Paşa, Liman Von Sanders Paşa, 3. Ordu Komutanı Hasan İzzet Paşa gibi ünlü komutanlar uyarmışlardır. Fakat Enver Paşa bu önemli tavsiyeleri gözönüne almamıştır. Onbeş gün devam eden Köprüköy ve Azap Muharebeleri Rus kuvvetleri ile yapılmış ve bu muharebelerde kısmi başarılar elde edilmekle birlikte kesin olarak düşman yenilmemiştir.
This study examined how Enver Pasha brought the Ottoman State into the First World War and the Bridge and Punishment Battles, which were considered as the initial battles of the Eastern (Kafkas) movement, which had the greatest front character in the First World War. The two battle vessels ordered to Britain and paid their money in advance were not given to the Ottoman State by the initiatives of British Navy Minister Winston Churcill with the understanding that the World War will come out. This incident was the most important event that removed the Ottoman State from the Three-Right Protest and brought it closer to Germany. The Ottoman state has announced that it has purchased Goeben and Breslau armed ships from Germany to Britain. Thus, these two ships, considered the most modern ships of the time, were included in the inventory of the Ottoman Navy. The Ottoman Navy, which included the Goeben armor and the Breslau cruiser, under the order of German Admiral Sushon, on 29 October 1914 held the bombing of the Navy bases of Sivastapol, Odesa, Novarosiski and Kofe. With this attempt, the Ottoman State and Russia entered the real war. On Enver Pasha's late entry into this war and no winter movement on the Eastern (Kafkas) Front, Kazim Karabekir Pasha, Hasan Izzet Pasha, Port Von Sanders Pasha, 3. Commander of the Army, such as Hasan Izzet Pasha, was warned. However, Enver Paşa did not take into account these important advice. The Twelve-Day Bridge and Punishment Fights were conducted with the Russian forces, and while partial successes were achieved in these fights, the enemy was definitely not defeated.
In this study, the Köprüköy and Azap battles, which were accepted as the initial battles of the Eastern (Caucasus) Operation, which had the largest geographic feature in the First World War, were examined. Two warships, which were ordered to England and paid in cash, were not given to the Ottoman State by the attempts of the British Navy Minister Winston Churcill upon the understanding that the World War would come. This event was the most important event that diverted the Ottoman Empire from the Trilateral Entente and brought it closer to Germany. The Ottoman Empire reported that Britain bought the battleships Goeben and Breslau cruisers from Germany. Thus, these two ships, considered one of the most modern ships of the era, were included in the inventory of the Ottoman Navy. On 29 October 1914, the Ottoman Navy power, which included the battleship Goeben and cruiser Breslau, bombarded Sivastapol, Odesa, Novarosiski and Kofe naval bases at the disposal of the German Admiral Suşon. With this initiative, the Ottoman Empire and Russia actually entered the war. Enver Pasha had been warned by such famous commanders like Kazim Karabekir Pasha, Liman Von Sanders Pasha, 3. Commander Hasan Izzet Pasha not to enter this war early and not to make a winter operation to the Eastern (Caucasus) front. However, Enver Pasha did not consider these important recommendations. Köprüköy and Azap battles, against Russian forces lasted for fifteen days. Partial successes were achieved in these battles, but the enemy was not absolute defeated.
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