Özet:

Napoleon Bonaparte's (d. 1821) expedition to Egypt in 1798 marked a significant turning point in the process of modernization within the Arab world. This incursion initiated political and cultu-ral interactions with Europe, leading to diverse paths of development for the Arab world. During this era, cultural interaction, in addition to political advancements, exhibited its impact and facilitated the swift proliferation of endeavors like education, printing, journalism, translation, and copyright-related works in the specified areas. In this framework, the concept of literature became closely aligned with Western cul-ture. Particularly through literary pursuits, the traditional conception of poetry diverged from its conven-tional path, assuming a fresh identity known as modern poetry. Within this context, the rise of certain literary movements in Arabic literature, such as the Apollo community championing free poetry, and the poets leading these initiatives, contributed to a revitalized identity for poetry. This transformation marked a significant milestone in the modernization of Arabic poetry. Numerous poets in Arabic literature display innovative qualities, with Ḫalīl Muṭrān being one notable example. Kḫalīl Muṭrān, a prominent figure in contemporary Arabic literature, is renowned for his intellectual character and his transformative contributions to Arabic poetry regarding both its structure and content. Muṭrān, a staunch critic of the traditional view of poetry, contended that poetry should not be confined by rigid forms and emphasized the integral relationship between content and theme in the qasida. According to Ḫalīl Mutrān's perspective on modern poetry, it is crucial to engage with the entirety of human existence. In other words, contem-porary Arabic poetry, unlike its ancient counterpart, must encompass the full spectrum of life. It should refrain from imitation and instead permit the revelation of certain concealed aspects within the depths of the human soul. Furthermore, emphasizing meaning should always take precedence in poetry, ensuring that the hidden layers of significance are not compromised for the sake of rhyme and meter. Therefore, the semantic coherence of poetic couplets holds great significance in his view. The thoughts he had were significantly influenced by his European travels and the Western knowledge he gained during those journeys. Muṭrān, particularly influenced by French literature, was regarded as the inaugural advocate of the romanticism movement in the Arab world. Muṭrān, who embraced the principles of the Western romanticism movement and incorporated its influences into his poetry, introduced this movement to the Arab world through his literary works, translations, and articles published in various newspapers and magazines. This is clearly manifested in his poems, particularly in his renowned work "al-Mesā" which seamlessly intertwines themes of love that the heart pulsates uniquely, the air one breathes takes on a distinct quality when immersed in poetry and even sorrow has a distinctive nature during this experience and anguish while addressing the suffering and censure endured by the lover. In fact, there are many reasons why Kḫalīl Muṭrān turned to romanticism. Among these reasons, love and pain are the most important ones. His adoption of this orientation deeply influenced the poets of Egypt and Damascus after him, especially the poets of the Divan group and the Apollo group, which are literary movements. In addition, Kḫalīl Muṭrān’s romantic poems became a source of inspiration for Arab poets and his poems left deep traces in their imagination. In his poems, nature takes a prominent role. Hence, he constructed a poetic description by focusing on nature. Additionally, Ḫalīl Muṭrān, while addressing sentimental emotions, grief, connections, camaraderie, and love, also delved into political subjects in his poetry. For instance, Arab nationalism holds significance in his works. Consequently, the poet, who explored a range of themes in his compositions, consistently aspired to be a catalyst for reform. This study delves into Muṭrān's brief life story, examines his renowned poem "al-Mesā" in the context of its content, and highlights the poem's rhetorical features, with special attention to its use of figure of speech and metaphors. Our goal is to render a translation of the poem "al-Mesā," which has been examined from various perspectives, in order to uncover its stylistic elements, dissect the artistic composition of select words and phrases, and bring the emotionally charged meanings within the text to the forefront for the scholarly community's consideration.

Anahtar Kelimeler: