Özet:

Banks, which are the most important players in the financial markets, have experienced a significant transformation in their business model and organizational structure over the past twenty years. The main reason for this transformation is the need for sustainable profitability for large-scale deposit banks to maintain their assets in the future. That’s why banks are looking for ways to find new financial products, to serve more customers without any additional cost, and to run their existing operations more efficiently. In this study, the banking data for the period 2000-2016 of 37 countries provided by the World Bank were examined by panel data analysis method. 20 of 37 countries are member states of the European Union, 15 developing market countries and the United States and Switzerland. There are internal factors affecting the profitability of the banks (factors under the bank’s own management) and external, macroeconomic factors. The study aimed at identifying the internal and external variables that influence the active profitability of the banking sector in 37 countries and the data and which of these variables have a positive impact on the profitability. In the measurement of the performance of the country’s banks, the active profit rate is preferred because it is an important indicator. In the model where the active profit rate is treated as a dependent variable, the net interest margin of the most effective internal factor that affects the active profit in a positive direction, the most effective external factor is the Lerner index, and the most effective internal factor that affects the active profit in a negative direction is the rate that the delayed loans will receive gross loans.

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