Özet:

Some enterprises, which were organised for cash crop production such as cotton and tobacco in Aegean plains and Çukurova in late 19th century Ottoman Empire were accepted as an exception alongside the coexistence of small family enterprises. However, these enterprises revealed a tendency of capitalist accumulation in agriculture. In addition, feudal relations of production existed in rural of east and south eastern regions of the Empire around the same period. Considering the quest for rural development, Single-party rule of new republic focused on big landowners among this triple structure and rural development policies were organised with the expectation that development would be held by this class.Following Great Depression of 1929, a transition process of rural development policies started parallel with new etatist economic policies in Turkey. Single-party rule also changed its perspective to production categories by this transition. Under the hard economic conditions of Great Depression period, some bureaucrat/technocrats who were organised under Kadro Journal enhanced a rural development strategy, which was a dimension of etatist policies. This strategy, which also refers to important hints about prolonged state-smallholders alliance in Turkey, comprises some ideological findings of Karl Kautsky, who formulated the agricultural strategy of German Social Democrat Party (SPD) with a Marxist perspective. In this study, rural development strategy of Kadro Movement was comparatively analysed with Kautsky’s views in the context of property relations in agriculture

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