Özet:

According to the widely accepted constitutional rule, the government system in which the government requires the parliament's confidence to continue its activities and the directly elected president of the state is joined is called "the semi-presidential system". The 1958 Constitution in France was adopted by the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation to the semi-presidential system created with the 1962 constitutional amendments and the prototype. However, in these countries, the transition to the semi-presidential system has not been a product of pleasure, but the exact opposite is the purpose of meeting a need. This need, in short, is to establish a strong executive body and thus ensure stability. The aim of this study is to explain the application of the semi-presidential system as a means of stability, through examples of historical development that generated the adoption of the semi-presidential system in France and Russia. In this context, first of all, the basic characteristics of the semi-presidential system and the different perspectives on the assessment of this system will be addressed. In the second and third sections, the political conjuncts before the transition to the semi-presidential system in the countries concerned and the innovations adopted by the constitutions or the constitutional amendments carried out with the aim of solving these problems will be explained. In the result section of the study, it will be assessed whether the semi-presidential system succeeded in ensuring stability in France and Russia. The prototype of the semi-presidential system was developed in France in 1962 with some changes to the 1958 French Constitution. The Russian Federation accepted and began to implement with its Constitution in 1993. These two countries shifted toward the semi-presidential system in order to meet a necessity, not as a product of arbitration. This need was to constitute a powerful executive body and thus provide stability. This study aims to explore the reason behind the adoption of the semi-presidential system as a tool for providing stability and historical developments that caused France and Russia to adopt this system. In this context, the main features of the semi-presidential system and different perspectives for the evaluation of this system are examined. Moreover, the political conjuncture and political crisis in the pre-semi-presidential system period and how newly implemented constitutions and changes in former constitutions contributed to the solution of these problems are explained. Finally, whether the semi-presidential system succeeded in providing stability in France and Russia is discussed. Keywords:Semi-Presidential System, Executive, Legislature, Stability