Özet:

One of the main issues of the prophecy in the classical period of Kalām is the criticism of the groups that reject the prophecy. Islamic theologians answered criticism of these groups under various subjects in their books such as the need for the prophet, the benefits of the prophet, and the possibility of prophecy. Brahmans (Barāhima) are among these criticized groups. One of the claims of them is that the intellect provides enough information to survive and therefore one does not need a prophet. Theologians who deal with this claim strive in various ways to prove that man and society need prophets in order to survive. This attitude attributes the prophets the functions to keep human and society alive and maintain order. According to theologists who believe that human beings cannot survive only with their intellectual and experiential knowledge, the fact that mankind had been able to sustain its existence shows that the problems that may eliminate its existence have been solved by prophets. Although Muʿtazilah does not assign such a function to the prophets, Māturīdīyah and Ashariya accept that the prophets have various social functions other than communiqué. In this study, social functions that assigned to prophets in the classical period of Kalam will be examined.

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