Özet:

As in many modernizing Muslim societies, the issue of gender in Turkey has become an important topic of discussion. The issue of social gender is one of the important indicators that enables the understanding of religious interpretations at the individual and social level. One of the institutions that influenced the formation of social gender understanding in Turkey is the Schools of Theology. The majority of the students who are studying in the theological faculty and will be involved in the conduct of the religious services of the society after completing their education are women. As a religious authority, it is clear that the concepts of religion and social gender of the female students of the Faculty of Theology will now and in the future have a variety of levels of influence on the religious and social life of other women in society and therefore men. This article, which is studied with a qualified research method, issues the religious and social gender perceptions of the women’s students of the Faculty of Theology. The achievable result in the article is that the students of the Theological Faculty have the ability to bring together traditional and modern concepts that they do not have a homogeneous understanding of religion and social gender. Students are in mental contradictions and uncertainty on many issues related to social gender. Summary: One of the areas that was rapidly changing along with the modernization processes was social gender perceptions. The issue of gender and religion has become a topic of intense discussion, especially in Turkey, in recent times. The theological faculty is also somehow part of the discussions and tensions on gender and religion. This study, in the axis of the discussions on the subject, focuses on the development of the social gender and religious perceptions of the female students of the Faculty of Theology and the mental and material factors that feed these perceptions. The scope of the study is limited to the female students of the Faculty of Theology of Dicle University. The data of the research is obtained through the quality research method. In this article, which addresses women's students' understanding of religion and social gender as a fundamental problem; the ontological value of women, the authority of men over women, the wage work of women and public governance, the change of social gender rules along with social change, the torture of women and the themes formed in this context. Religious and social status of women in Muslim communities is the Qur’an or Hz. Instead of the practices of the Prophet, he was shaped by the speech and the influence of economic and political conditions that had been formed by the hadiths.  The development of this speech has also been influenced by the “distinguishing” image of Havva, which is derived from the Jewish and Christian traditions, and the atherical culture of Mesopotamia. In the traditional social structure, the social position of the woman has been legalized and resisted to change for centuries, with the contribution of religious traditions based on pre-Islam periods and increasingly rising fikhist and zukhist movements in the historical process. The Faculty of Theology believes that there is no difference on the ontological basis between the woman and the man in the context of the value that God has given to both sexes. According to them, the physical and emotional naivity of women cannot be interpreted by the ontological insufficiency of women or in the form of their lack of mind and religion. Nearly half of female students think that the final decision in the family should not always be in the male. According to Hz. The prophet’s practice in this matter is an important example. In some cases, he consulted his wives and followed their recommendations. Therefore, the rivies that devaluate the women’s thoughts and demands within the family carry religious, not cultural influences. All of the women students believe that the woman can work on a paid basis outside of the house. Moreover, the majority of female students can be managers in the public. Students who are in this mind think that the righteousness that states that the woman cannot be a public manager can be ignored for reasonable reasons. Approximately one-third of female students think that the sheriff provisions on women and family, which are included in Islamic law, may change with the changes in social conditions, and one-third believes that some of them may change. Another point of view about one-third of the students share about this is that the social gender charter provisions will not change over time. Nearly two-thirds of the female students in the study’s sample don’t admit that women are beaten under any circumstances. One-third of the women’s students think that the woman can be hit if she disobedience to her husband. Some of the women’s students have a confusion about how to interpret the verses about the woman’s torture. The Faculty of Theology, which cannot be an actor of religious social change, is unthinkable to stay away from the wind of change of the rapidly modernized society. On the one hand, the rapid flow of time of change, on the other hand, the absence of a change tradition or strategy of the Theological Faculty, has resulted in the fact that the Theological Faculty has become the subject of social change in many contexts. This situation has made the religious understanding of the Theological Faculties, which cannot form their own change tradition, quite clear and unstable to the influence of the political conjuncture between traditional and modern concepts. In this context, in the Faculty of Theology, the understanding of social gender, although not at the same level at all, can be said that it is generally a form of moderated form of traditional concepts for the benefit of modernity. The students of the Faculty of Theology of the University of Dicle are mainly grew up in the eastern and southeastern Anatolian regions and generally belong to the sub-mediate social section. Most of the female students from a social structure where the woman’s social status is quite low, where the girls are considered invaluable compared to the men, in the course of the teaching of the Faculty of Theology, a awareness of the woman’s social position is formed. With the teaching at the Faculty of Theology, female students realize that religion is not responsible for the female self-sufficient position, but religious traditions. The Faculty of Theology can be mentioned of two key factors that determine the social gender concepts of women students. These can be categorized as the basic sources of religion and the forms of their interpretation by the disciples and the social-cultural habitats of the students and their individual experiences. As for social gender, there is a tension between the verses, the hadiths and their interpretations by the disciples and the values and norms of modernity, which are incorporated by the women’s students. In the Faculty of Theology of the University of Dicle, it is not possible to speak of a learning system and intellectual accumulation that will still make it possible to overcome this tension. This situation leads to a mental and emotional breakdown among women students and leads students to a confusion between religious provisions and social reality in many matters. An important result of this is that, in the context of social gender, religious beliefs and practices have emerged as an alternative and have now become an established value and in many aspects of the common practice in modern life, the absence of women students from the up-to-date religious norms that will guide them, bringing them to the modern secular tendencies, bringing with them a secularization from within. Women’s students are often tested in the case of social gender and religion, the state they are mentioned to be traditional in speech but modern in action.