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I. Cihan Harbi’nin başlamasından sonra Osmanlı Devleti’nin en önemli maksatlarından birisi Kafkasya’da Müslüman-Türklerin yoğunlukta oldukları bölgeleri sınırları içerisine katıp yerli Türklerin de desteğini kazanarak Türkistan’a açılmaktır. Ancak Osmanlı bu politikasında başarısız olmuş, hatta Ruslar Anadolu’nun içlerine kadar ilerlemişlerdir. 1917 Rus İhtilalinden sonra bölgede gelişen olaylar Osmanlı Devleti’ni yeniden Kafkasya’ya yönlendirmiştir. 1917 yılında Bolşeviklerin iktidara gelmesinden sonra Rus birlikleri Kafkasya’dan çekilirken bölgedeki silah ve mühimmatlarını Gürcü milislere ve Ermeni çetelerine bırakmışlardır. Bundan dolayı Güney Kafkasya Türkleri işgal ve katliamlara karşı örgütlenerek siyasi faaliyetlere hız kazandırmışlardır. Ayrıca ismi pek zikredilmese de 1918 yılında Osmanlı Kafkas İslam Ordusunun Güney Kafkasya’ya girmesini sağlayan önemli aydınlardan birisi Gürcistan Türklerini temsil eden Ahıskalı Ömer Faik Numanzade olmuştur. Numanzade, I. Cihan Harbi sırasında bölgede gelişen olaylar üzerine Kafkasya ve Doğu Anadolu Türklerinin Rus, Ermeni ve Gürcüler karşısında yok olmaması için siyasi faaliyetlere girişmiştir. Bunun için İstanbul’da bulunmuş, Enver ve Talat Paşa ile görüşerek milli talepleri dile getirmiştir. Kafkasya Türklerinin varlıklarını koruyabilmeleri için Osmanlı’yı bölgeye davet etmiş, Kafkas İslam Ordusunun Kafkasya’ya gitmesine vesile olmuştur. 29 Ekim 1918 tarihinde kısa ömürlü de olsa Ahıska Hükûmeti kurulmuş, Ömer Faik bu hükûmetin başkanlığını yapmıştır. Bu konuyla ilgili bu güne kadar kayda değer bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu bağlamda Kafkasya Türklerinin milli mücadele tarihinde mühim işler yapmış olan Ömer Faik Numanzade görmezden gelinmiştir. Bu çalışmada 1917 Ekim Devrimi’nden sonra Kafkasya’daki gelişmeler sonucunda ortaya çıkan tablo ve Ahıska Türklerini temsil eden Ömer Faik Numanzade’nin yürüttüğü siyasi faaliyetler ele alınacaktır. Çalışacağımız konu Gürcistan Türklerini kapsadığı için Türkiye ve Azerbaycan’ı ilgilendiren önemli meselelerdendir. Bu çalışma Gürcistan Türkleri açısından o döneme dair karanlık meseleleri aydınlatacak ve Türkiye’nin Kafkasya ile olan ilişkilerine ışık tutacaktır.
After the outbreak of World War I, one of the most important goals of the Ottoman Empire was to dominate the areas where Muslim Turkish population was high in the Caucasus, thus gaining the support of indigenous Turks and opening up the way to Turkestan. However, the Ottoman Empire failed in this policy and the Russians advanced into the interior of Anatolia. The events that took place in the region after the Russian Revolution of 1917 re-directed the Ottoman Empire to the Caucasus. After the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917, Russian troops withdrew from the Caucasus and left their weapons and ammunition to the Georgian militia and Armenian gangs. Therefore, the South Caucasus Turks organized themselves against the occupation, and massacres occurred which accelerated political activities. One of the prominent figures in the Ottoman Caucasus Islamic Army in 1918 was Omer Faik Numanzade, who represented the Turks of Georgia. Numanzade undertook political activities in order to ensure that the Turks of the Caucasus and Eastern Anatolia did not disappear in the face of the Russians, Armenians and Georgians after the events that took place in the region during the First World War. For this purpose, he went to Istanbul and met with Enver and Talat Pasha and made some national demands. He invited the Ottomans to the region in order to protect the presence of the Caucasian Turks and to help the Caucasian Islamic Army to go to the Caucasian. On October 29, 1918, the Akhishka government was established, though short-lived, and Omer Faik was the president of this government. Considerable research has been carried out on this subject to this day. However, the studies conducted in the period in question mainly deal with Azerbaijan and Kars, while the Turks of the Ahıska Region or Georgia were not given much mention. Thus, Omer Faik Numanzade, who carried out important exploits in the history of the Caucasus Turks' national struggle, has largely been ignored. In this study, the picture that emerged as a result of the developments in the Caucasus after the October Revolution of 1917 and the political activities carried out by Omer Faik Numanzade representing the Georgian Turks (Ahska) will be discussed. In this study, the description of the events that took place in Georgia will illuminate the darkness of that period and shed light on the relations within Turkey's Caucasus regions.
After the outbreak of World War I, one of the most important goals of the Ottoman Empire was to dominate the areas where Muslim Turkish population was high in the Caucasus, thus gaining the support of indigenous Turks and opening up the way to Turkestan. However, the Ottoman Empire failed in this policy and the Russians advanced into the interior of Anatolia. The events that took place in the region after the Russian Revolution of 1917 re-directed the Ottoman Empire to the Caucasus. After the Bolsheviks came to power in 1917, Russian troops withdrew from the Caucasus and left their weapons and ammunition to the Georgian militia and Armenian gangs. Therefore, the South Caucasus Turks organized themselves against the occupation, and massacres occurred which accelerated political activities. One of the prominent figures in the Ottoman Caucasus Islamic Army in 1918 was Omer Faik Numanzade, who represented the Turks of Georgia. Numanzade undertook political activities in order to ensure that the Turks of the Caucasus and Eastern Anatolia did not disappear in the face of the Russians, Armenians and Georgians after the events that took place in the region during the First World War. For this purpose, he went to Istanbul and met with Enver and Talat Pasha and made some national demands. He invited the Ottomans to the region in order to protect the presence of the Caucasian Turks and to help the Caucasus Islamic Army to go to the Caucasus. On October 29, 1918, the Akhishka government was established, albeit short-lived, and Omer Faik was the president of this government. Considerable research has been carried out on this subject to this day. However, the studies conducted in the period in question mainly deal with Azerbaijan and Kars, while the Turks of the Ahıska Region or Georgia were not given much mention. Thus, Omer Faik Numanzade, who carried out important exploits in the history of the Caucasus Turks' national struggle, has largely been ignored. In this study, the picture that emerged as a result of the developments in the Caucasus after the October Revolution of 1917 and the political activities carried out by Omer Faik Numanzade representing the Georgian Turks (Ahıska) will be discussed. In this study, the description of the events that took place in Georgia will illuminate the darkness of that period and shed light on the relations within Turkey's Caucasus regions.
Alan : Hukuk; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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