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Türkiye-Rusya ilişkileri tarihin hemen her döneminde inişli-çıkışlı bir seyir izlemiştir. Osmanlının son dönemindeki çetin savaşların ardından I. Dünya Savaşı’nda Bolşeviklerin başa geçmesiyle yakınlaşan ilişkiler, Soğuk Savaş döneminde Boğazların tekrar gündeme gelmesiyle gerginleşme eğilimine girmiş, Soğuk Savaş sonrasında da bu konjonktürel iniş çıkışlar ikili ilişkilere hâkim olmayı sürdürmüştür. Bununla birlikte, Soğuk Savaş sonrası Türkiye-Rusya ilişkilerini Osmanlı ve Sovyetler dönemi ilişkilerinden farklı kılan en önemli unsurun, ekonomi ve politika arasındaki çizginin giderek belirsizleştiği ve karşılıklı bağımlılığın daha kesif biçimde hissedildiği uluslararası ekonomi politik zemindeki gelişmeler olduğu söylenebilir. Özellikle 2008 krizinin ardından küresel güçler dengesinde yaşanan dönüşüm sonrasında Türkiye ve Rusya arasındaki ilişkilerin kilit öneme sahip olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Nitekim BRICS ülkelerinin önemli bir temsilcisi olan Rusya ve umut vadeden bir yakın-BRICS ülkesi olarak konumlanan Türkiye hem Avrasya’da hem de Ortadoğu’da etkili aktörler olarak öne çıkmaktadırlar. Küreselleşme ile birlikte gerek iki ülke vatandaşları arasında doğrudan temasların artması gerekse hem Türkiye’nin hem de Rusya’nın dinamik bir siyasal ve ekonomik dönüşüm sürecinden geçmesi bu uluslararası zeminle eklemlendiğinde, iki ülke ilişkilerinin siyasal bağlamda ne kadar gerilirse gerilsin nihayetinde ekonomik alanda yumuşama evresine girdiği gözlemlenmektedir. Rekabet ve işbirliği ekseninde salınımı nedeniyle, Türkiye-Rusya ilişkilerinin henüz stratejik ortaklık seviyesine çıkamamakla birlikte, enerji ve ticaret gibi alanlarda stratejik boyuta ulaştığı rahatlıkla söylenebilir. İki ülke ilişkilerine uzun yıllar hâkim olan jeo-politik mücadelenin yerini jeo-ekonomik işbirliğine bıraktığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye-Rusya Federasyonu ilişkilerinin tarihsel seyri ile örtüşecek biçimde genel anlamda inişli-çıkışlı bir nitelik arz ettiğinden hareketle, aralarındaki karşılıklı bağımlılık dolayısıyla dış ticaret, enerji, yatırım gibi alanlarda kurulan işbirliklerinin siyasal ve stratejik boyutu içermeden de kendi kulvarında gelişmeye devam edebileceği öngörülebilir. Bu makale, literatürde daha ziyade siyasal sorunlar ve güvenlik kaygıları çerçevesinde ele alınan Türkiye-Rusya ilişkilerinin ekonomi-politik perspektifle ve karşılıklı bağımlılık kavramsallaştırması bağlamında bir değerlendirilmesini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
The relations between Turkey and Russia have seen a downward-outward journey in almost every period of history. Relationships closer to the Bolshevik's dealing with the war in the First World War after the last period of the Ottoman war tended to become tensive with the re-establishment of the Gulf during the Cold War, and after the Cold War, these conjunctive landing outlets continued to dominate the bilateral relations. However, it can be said that the most important element that makes the relations between Turkey and Russia after the Cold War different from the relations of the Ottoman and Soviet period is the line between the economy and politics becomes increasingly uncertain and the developments in the international economic political ground where mutual dependence is felt more sharp. In particular, after the 2008 crisis, the transformation in the global strength balance is observed that the relations between Turkey and Russia have a key importance. In fact, Russia, an important representative of the BRICS countries, and Turkey, which is positioned as a near-BRICS country of hope, stand out as influential actors in both Eurasia and the Middle East. With the globalization and the need to increase direct contacts between the citizens of the two countries, when both Turkey and Russia pass through a dynamic political and economic transformation process is added to this international ground, it is observed that the relations of the two countries in the political context, no matter how retarded they are, eventually enter the phase of mildness in the economic field. Due to the release of the competition and cooperation axis, the relations between Turkey and Russia have not yet reached the level of strategic partnership, but in areas such as energy and trade, it can be easily said that it has reached the strategic dimension. The geo-political struggle, which has dominated the relations of the two countries for many years, has replaced the geo-economic cooperation. In this framework, it is possible to predict that the cooperation established in the fields such as foreign trade, energy, investment, due to their mutual dependence, as well as by the fact that the relations of Turkey-Russian Federation provide a downward-outward quality in a way that will coincide with the historical course, it is possible to continue to develop in its own column without the political and strategic dimension. This article aims to present an assessment of the relations between Turkey and Russia, which are addressed in the literature rather than in the context of political issues and security concerns, in an economic-political perspective and in the context of the conceptualization of mutual dependence.
There have been fluctuations within Turkey and Russia relations almost every different periods of history. While relations view close regarding to Bolsheviks’ gained sovereignty in WWI after a long period of hard wars of the last times of Ottoman Empire, at the Cold War period because of Bosporus became a crucial issue the relations faced high tensions and the conjectural fluctuations continue to be dominant through bilateral relations after Cold War. Furthermore, it is possible to claim that the most significant separating feature of the difference between Turkish-Russian and Ottoman-Soviet relations after Cold War has been the international political economic environment in which the line between economy and politics become vague and interdependency seems more decisive. It is clearly observed that the relations between Turkey and Russia have a key role after the transformation occurred in the global power balance especially after the crises in 2008. Indeed, Russia, an important representative of the BRICS countries, and Turkey, a close-minded BRICS country, are prominent actors in both Eurasia and the Middle East. It is observed that as the globalization and the dynamic political and economic transformation process of both Turkey and Russia are taken up with this international base, both countries’ relations are getting weaker in the political context and eventually entered into the economic softening phase. Due to the release in the axis of competition and cooperation, it can be said that Turkey-Russia relations cannot reach the level of strategic partnership yet, but reach the strategic dimension in fields like energy and trade. It is observed that the geopolitical struggle that has dominated the relations of the two countries has left its place in geoeconomic cooperation. In this context, the relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation show a general upsurge in a manner that is consistent with the historical course, and the interdependence 176 between them, as well as the political and strategic dimension of foreign trade, energy and investment, may continue to develop in their own lane. This article aims to present an evaluation of the Turkish-Russian relations in the context of political issues and security concerns in the context of the concept of economicpolitical perspective and interdependence.
Alan : Hukuk; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Ulusal
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