Özet:

The term çastitsa (частица), which means particle in Russian, is used for words that do not have a meaning on their own, but gain meaning when combined with other words in a sentence. Although there are various opinions, these words are generally considered in the category of dependent categories. Particles, which can have a completely different meaning from the primary meaning according to the place of use, are very difficult linguistic units in terms of semantic and functional. These units, which are highly preferred in the communication process, are quite busy in daily conversations. Thanks to the particles that bring the inner world of the speaker and the receiver closer, the receiver can easily understand the speaker's attitude, and as a result, successful communication is ensured. The role of the particles that govern communication, as the constituent components of the word and the text, is extremely large. For this reason, there is an increasing interest in dealing with particles in detail in terms of semantic and functional aspects. In our article, various approaches to describing particles, which is one of the most problematic categories of the Russian language, have been put forward and it has been determined that there is a difference of opinion among researchers on the definition of particles as a concept, the place of particles among categories, and the classification of particles. XIX. Although many studies have been carried out on the subject of particles starting from the second half of the century to the present, it has been concluded that definite lines could not be drawn in the definition and classification of prepositions due to reasons such as their polysemy and the ambiguity of their semantic boundaries. In order to eliminate many uncertainties about particles, it is necessary to prepare multidimensional studies that examine these units by taking into account their functional pragmatic features.

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