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Hz. Peygamber’den (sallallâhu aleyhi ve sellem) rivayet edilen bir hadiste, deve ya da koyunların olduğundan daha fazla sütlü gösterilerek satışa arz edilmesi yasaklanmış böyle bir hayvanı satın alan kişinin muhayyer olduğunu hükme bağlamıştır. Söz konusu hadis “musarrâh hadisi” adıyla anılır. Musarrâh kelimesi, müşterinin rağbetini artırmak için bir süre sütü sağılmayan ve bu şekilde sütlü gösterilen hayvan anlamındadır. Mâlikî, Şâfiî ve Hanbelî fakihler bu hadisle amel ederek müşterinin “tedlis muhayyerliği”ne sahip olduğunu kabul etmektedirler. Tedlis, alışverişte satılık malın kusurunun müşteriden gizlenmesi demektir. Hanefî fakihlerin çoğu ise musarrâh hadisiyle amel etmemekte ve bunun gerekçesi olarak naklî ve aklî birçok izah yapmaktadırlar. Bazılarına göre mensuh olduğu için, bazılarına göre de âmir bir hadis olmadığı, anlaşmazlığa düşenlere tavsiye anlamı içerdiği için musarrâh hadisi delil alınmamıştır. Hanefîler’e göre musarrâh bir hayvan satın alındığında muhayyerlikten bahsedebilmek için satıcının müşteriyi aldatarak hayvanı yüksek fiyattan satması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada musarrâh hadisi ile ilgili meseleler, günümüzden yaklaşık iki asır önce yaşamış Muhammed b. Ali eş-Şevkânî’nin (v. 1250/1834) dört mezhep fakihlerinden yaptığı nakiller ve kendi görüşleri üzerinden incelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Mezhep taklidini reddederek ictihadın sürekliliğini savunan ve kendisini mutlak müctehid addeden Şevkânî, Neylü’l-evtâr isimli eserinde musarrâh hadisi ile ilgili mezhep görüşlerini, ihtilafları detaylı bir şekilde incelemiş, kendi tercihlerini belirtmiş, Hanefî fakihlerin musarrâh hadisiyle amel etmeme gerekçelerini eleştirmiştir. Bu çalışmayla Şevkânî’nin nakilleri, görüş ve tenkitleri incelenecek, isabet edip etmediği hususlar belirtilmeye uğraşılacaktır.
by Hz. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “There is a prohibition in a hadith which is revealed from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that the sheep or sheep may be shown more milk than the sheep or sheep, and that the person who purchases such an animal has ruled that he is a muhayer. This is called the “Musrâh Hadisi”. The word Musarrâh means the animal that has not been supplied with milk for a while to increase the customer's discomfort and is thus shown milk. Those who have the right to do so, and those who have the right to do so, and those who have the right to do so, and those who have the right to do so, and those who have the right to do so. Tedlis means the defect of the goods to be sold in the shop is hidden from the customer. Most of them do not have the right to do so, and they do not have the right to do so, and they do not have the right to do so. For some of them, because he is a member, some of them, because he is not a mutual hadith, because he contains the meaning of advice to those who fall into conflict, the hadith of the Musharraf hadith has not been taken. According to the Hanefîler, when a musarrâh is purchased, the seller must sell the animal at a high price by deceiving the customer to be able to talk about the mutuality. In this study, the issues related to the hadith of the Musharah will be tried to be studied through the transfers and opinions of Muhammad b. Ali Shevkani (v. 1250/1834) who lived about two centuries before today. In the words of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, ‘The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: This will be the way to see and see the people of the world, and the people of the world, and the people of the world, and the people of the world, and the people of the world.
Muhammad Ibn Ali al-Shawkani lived in Yemen between the years of 1173 (1760 AH) and 1250 (1834 AH). Through his childhood he received education from both leading scholars and his father in the form of Zaidi method, which was dominant in his homeland. He had received commendation from his peers even before he finished his education. While continuing his own education, he had already become a teacher. In his twenties he started giving fatwa to the questions addressed to him, resulting him being a famous mufti. Alongside giving fatwa and teaching others he has authored a great number of books. Before he was thirty years old, he had left Zaidi school and claimed himself as a Mutlaq Mujtahid. Dedicating himself solely to scholarship, fatwa and authoring he became Head Qadi of Yemen. He stayed in this title until his death and played important roles in the affairs of state. Shawkani refused taqlid and supported the idea of continuous ijtihad. In almost every piece of work he has done, he accused members of schools of putting their school’s masters in front of Allah and his Prophet.
Field : İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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