Abstract:

The spirit-body relationship is a matter that has been discussed since ancient philosophers. Platon, Aristotle and the New-Platonic philosophers left a deep trace on the spirit-body concepts of the Islamic philosophers. While Islamic philosophers built their nefs Nazarians on the ideas of ancient and New-Platonic philosophers, they also found out a new spirit-body understanding, based on the basic sources of Islam. The most important subjects of the metaphysics, the nefs Nazariya, were the subject of the works of the Islamic philosophers Kindî, Fârâbî, Ibn Sîna and Ibn Rüşd. The Islamic philosophers tried to explain this subject by evaluating these concepts of mind, spirit, soul and body. When it comes to the human body, the concept that they prefer to use is the concept of nefs. In the Islamic philosophy, the relationship between the soul and the body is formed according to the unity of the soul with the body, its influence on the body, the independence of the spirit, the state of the body, the separation of the spirit after the body’s death, and whether the spirit preserves or not the individuality. The arguments of the Islamic philosophers on the spirit-body relationship are often similar to each other. The fact that they were influenced by ancient philosophers cannot be neglected. But in Islam, the main themes of faith are the life of the world, the immortality of the soul, and the issues such as heaven and hell are also related to this topic. Therefore, in their thoughts about the spirit-body relationship, they also gave information on these sensitive topics. In this article, we tried to illuminate the question of the spirit-body relationship in the Islamic philosophy by exposing the thoughts of Kindî, Fârâbî, Ibn Sîna and Ibn Rûd about the spirit-body relationship.

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