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I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Rus hâkimiyeti altında bulunan Müslüman Türkler (Kazan Tatarları, Kırım Tatarları, Başkurtlar, Mişerler, Nogaylar, Kumuklar, Türkmenler), Rus ordusunda savaşmak zorunda kaldılar. Avusturya-Macaristan ordusuna esir düşen Rus ordusundaki bu Türk kökenli askerler için Avusturya-Macaristan topraklarında iki esir kampı kuruldu. I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında Avusturya-Macaristan topraklarında bulunan esir kampları Macar bilim adamlarına dil bilimi, antropoloji, folklor gibi alanlarda araştırma yapmaları için imkânlar sunmuştur. Esir Tatar askerlerin yerleştirildiği iki kamp özellikle Macar bilim adamları ve doğulu milletlerin Macarlarla olan akrabalığının araştırılmasını ve onlarla ilişkilerin sıklaştırılmasını amaç edinen Macar Turan Derneği açısından çok önemli idi. Bu derneğin, esir kamplarında araştırma yapılması yönündeki teklifini Macar Bilimler Akademisi kabul etti. Gerekli araştırmayı yapmak üzere bazı bilim adamlarını görevlendirdi. Bu bilim adamlarından biri Macar Türkolog Ignácz Kúnos idi. Kúnos savaş yıllarında esirler arasında folklor malzemeleri topladı. Bu verileri ve düşüncelerini 3 Ocak 1916 tarihinde yapılan Macar Bilimler Akademisinin toplantısında rapor olarak sundu. Jelentés a mohamedan fogolytáborokban végzett tanulmányokról (Müslüman Esir Kamplarında Yapılan İncelemeler Hakkında Rapor)” adı altında Akademiye sunduğu bu rapor aynı yıl Budapesti Szemle adlı dergide “Tatar foglyok táborában (Tatar Esirlerin Kampında)” adıyla yayımlandı. Kúnos tekrar gözden geçirdiği raporlarını 1918 yılında Magyar Figyelő’de tekrar yayımladı. Kúnos raporunda Kırım Tatarlarından Kazan Tatarlarına, Başkurtlardan Mişerlere, Nogaylardan Türkmenlere kadar esirlerin duygu ve düşünce dünyasına tanık olmuş, bunları dile getirmiş, onlardan örnekler sunmuştur. Onun raporları Türkoloji, antropoloji, tarih gibi disiplinlere önemli kaynak oluşturduğu gibi, esir kamplarının araştırmacılar açısından bir okul görevini gördüğünü göstermekte, Macar Türkolojisinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca esir kamplarındaki sosyokültürel yaşam hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir. I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında kurulan esir kampları sosyokültürel bakımdan yeterince araştırılmamış bir konudur. Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu topraklarında kurulan esir kampları bu bağlamda incelenmeye muhtaçtır. Kúnos’un bu döneme ışık tutan raporları ülkemizde hemen hemen hiç araştırma konusu olmamıştır. Bu çalışmada Kúnos’un Macar Bilimler Akademisi’ne sunduğu raporlarının ışığında, adı geçen esir kamplarında yaşayan Müslüman Türk esirlerin sosyokültürel durumları, kültür tarihine katkı amacıyla, dönemin Türk-Macar ilişkileri çerçevesinde ortaya konulacaktır. Ayrıca, Macar Bilimler Akademisi’ne Kúnos, tarafından sunulan raporlar ile esir kamplarına giriş süreciyle ilgili Macar Bilimler Akademisi Arşivi (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Levéltára) ve Macar Etnografya Müzesi Arşivi’nde (Magyar Néprajzi Múzeum Levéltára) bulunan Kúnos’a ait şahsi mektuplar, giriş süreci ile ilgili resmi yazışmaları oluşturan arşiv malzemesinden yararlanılarak, bu alanda yeni belgeler bilim dünyasına sunulacaktır.
The Muslim-Turkish soldiers (Kazan Tatars, Crimean Tatars, Bashkirs, Mishars, Nogais, Kumyks, Turkmens) under Russian domination had to fight in the Russian armed forces during the First World War. Two prison camps were built in the Austro-Hungarian territory for these soldiers of Turkish origin who were in the Russian army and captured by the Austro-Hungarian army. During World War I, war prisoners camps located within the borders of Australian-Hungarian lands provided opportunities for Hungarian scholars to conduct research in different fields such as linguistics, anthropology and folklore. Two camps where Tatar war prisoners were kept were of special importance for Hungarian scholars and the Hungarian Turan Association aiming to investigate the kinship relations between eastern nations and Hungarians and to intensify the relations with these eastern nations. The proposal of this association for conducting research in war prisoners camps was approved by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and they appointed some scholars to conduct this research. One of these scholars was the Hunarian Turcologist Ignácz Kúnos. Kúnos collected some folkloric data from war prisoners during the war. He presented the collected data and his personal opinions as a report in a meeting of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences on 3 January 1916. The report presented to the academy with the name of "Jelentés a mohamedan fogolytáborokban végzett tanulmányokról" (Report of the investigations conducted in Muslim was prisoner camps) was also published in a journal called Budapest Szemle in the same year as an article entitled as "Tatar foglyok taboraban" (In the camp of Tatar war prisoners). After reviewing his reports, Kúnos published them again in Magyar Figyelő in 1918. In his reports, Kúnos gives information and examples about the worlds of emotions and thoughts of war prisoners including Crimean and Kazan Tatars, Bashkirs, Mishars, Nogais and Turkmens. His reports have become important sources for Turcology and anthropology studies and also served the function of a school for war prisoner camp researchers and thus, reveals the importance of Hungarian Tucology. Moreover, information about socio-cultural atmosphere in the war prisoner camps is also provided. Prisoner camps established during World War I have not been adequately researched in terms of socio-cultural aspects. The prison camps established on the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire need to be examined in this context. Kúnos' reports that shed light on this period have hardly been the subject of research in our country. In this study, the sociocultural conditions of Muslim Turkish prisoners living in the camps mentioned in line with the reports submitted by Kúnos to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences will be revealed within the framework of the Turkish-Hungarian relations of the period in order to contribute to the cultural history. In addition, the reports submitted by Kúnos to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Archive (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Levéltára), the personal letters of Kúnos at the Hungarian Museum of Ethnography (Magyar Néprajzi Múzeum Levéltára), and the archive material for the entry process will be used and presented to the world of science.
The Muslim-Turkic soldiers (Kazan Tatars, Crimean Tatars, Bashkirs, Mishars, Nogais, Kumyks, Turkmens) under Russian domination had to fight in the Russian armed forces during the First World War. Two prison camps were built in the Austro-Hungarian territory for these soldiers of Turkic origin who were in the Russian army and captured by the Austro-Hungarian army. During the World War I, war prisoner camps located within the borders of Australian-Hungarian lands provided opportunities for Hungarian scholars to conduct research in different fields such as linguistics, anthropology and folklore. Two camps where Tatar war prisoners were kept were of special importance for Hungarian scholars and the Hungarian Turan Association aiming to investigate the kinship relations between eastern nations and Hungarians and to intensify the relationships with these eastern nations. The proposal of this association for conducting research in war prisoner camps was approved by Hungarian Academy of Sciences and they appointed some scholars to conduct this research. One of these scholars was Hunarian Turcologist Ignácz Kúnos. Kúnos collected some folkloric data from war prisoners during the war. He presented the collected data and his personal opinions as a report in a meeting of Hungarian Academy of Sciences on 3 January 1916. The reported presented to the academy with the name of “Jelentés a mohamedan fogolytáborokban végzett tanulmányokról” (Report of the investigations conducted in Muslim was prisoner camps) was also published in a journal called Budapesti Szemle in the same year as an article entitled as “Tatar foglyok taboraban” (In the camp of Tatar war prisoners). After revising his reports, Kúnos published them again in Magyar Figyelő in 1918. In his reports, Kúnos gives information and examples about the worlds of emotions and thoughts of war prisoners including Crimean and Kazan Tatars, Bashkirs, Mishars, Nogais and Turkmens. His reports have become important sources for Turcology and anthropology studies and also served the function of a school for war prisoner camp researchers and thus, reveals the importance of Hungarian Tucology. Moreover, information about socio-cultural atmosphere in the war prisoner camps is also provided. Prisoner camps established during World War I have not been researched adequately in terms of socio-cultural aspects. The prison camps established on the territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire need to be examined in this context. Kúnos’ reports that shed light on this period have hardly been the subject of research in our country. In this study, the sociocultural conditions of Muslim Turkish prisoners living in the camps mentioned in line with the reports submitted by Kúnos to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences will be revealed within the framework of the Turkish-Hungarian relations of the period in order to contribute to the cultural history. In addition, the reports submitted by Kúnos to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Archive (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Levéltára), the personal letters of Kúnos at the Hungarian Museum of Ethnography Museum (Magyar Néprajzi Múzeum Levéltára), and the archive material for the entry process will be used and presented to the world of science.
Field : Güzel Sanatlar; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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