Abstract:

Technological development has both advantages effect and disadvantages effect in terms of environmental. The most important effect is on clean energy awareness. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impacts of alternative and nuclear energy and patent applications on pollution in Turkey. In addition, as well as the linear effects of real GDP per capita on carbon emissions, considering the parabolic relations is also tested for the period from 1990-2014. For this purpose, we investigate cointegration by applying ARDL bounds test on parameters and examine the causal link between the series by using Vector Error Correction Model Granger causality analysis. ARDL test empirical results express that technological development is correlated with carbon emissions positively. However, clean energy has a negative relation with carbon emissions. That is, clean energy is more effective than technological development on carbon emissions per capita in long term. On the other hand, technological development and clean energy have negative (-0.114 and -0.190 respectively)and statistically significant impact on carbon emissions in short term. Moreover, the long and short run results supported the empirical presences of EKC curve in Turkey with income turning point at 11.998 (constant 2010 US$), which has been attained. In addition, VECM Granger causality analysis expresses that there is a one-way causality running from technological development to carbon emissions and real GDP per capita in short term. Furthermore, carbon emissions cause real GDP per capita, technological development and clean energy in the long run.

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