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  Citation Number 15
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İstem Sozlukleri̇ ve Turkce
2016
Journal:  
The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies
Author:  
Abstract:

Avrupa dillerinin sözlüklerinde, fiillerin ve diğer sözlüksel unsurların hangi tamlayıcılarla birleştiği ve bu birleşimden hangi anlamların doğduğu ayrıntılı biçimde verilir. Türkçe Sözlük’te ise fiillerin gerek duyduğu durum ekli tamlayıcılar eksik, dağınık, gelişi güzel ve yanlış verilmiş ya da hiç verilmemiştir. İstem sözlükleri genel amaçlı sözlükler hazırlanırken sözlüksel unsurların yapı bilgisinin betimlenmesinde başvurulacak önemli bir kaynak olarak hizmet ederler. İstem Sözlüğü (valency dictionary) sözlüksel unsurların gerek duyduğu mantıksal, söz dizimsel, şekil bilgisel, anlam bilimsel ve eş dizimsel koşul ve sınırlılıkları ayrıntılı biçimde betimleyen ve buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan çeşitli yapıları içeren özel bir sözlük türüdür. Dünya dillerinde sözlüksel unsurların istem bilgisi ve bu bilginin kaydedildiği istem sözlükleri yoğun ilgi görmüş, bugün birçok dilin özellikle Batı dillerinin istem sözlükleri hazırlanmıştır. Doğal dillerin mantıksal, söz dizimsel ve anlam bilimsel yapılarını betimleyen istem sözlüklerinin (valency dictionary) Türkçede yeterince ilgi görmediği ve çoğunlukla da ihmal edildiği görülür. İstem sözlüklerinin farklı alanlara yönelik çeşitli katkıları vardır. İstem sözlükleri bir dili mantıksal, söz dizimsel ve anlam bilimsel açıdan betimlemesinin yanı sıra dil öğretimi, doğal dili işleme ve sözlükçülük gibi alanlarda araştırmacılara oldukça önemli bilgiler sunar. Bir istem sözlüğünün yapısı farklı bileşenlerden oluşur. Bir istem sözlüğünde genellikle sözlüksel bir unsurun belirli bir anlamda gerek duyduğu söz dizimsel tamlayıcılarının sayısı, tamlayıcılarının tipi ve dil bilgisel işlevleri, söz dizimsel istem yapıları, tamlayıcılarının şekil bilgisel sınırlılıkları, zorunlu, seçimli ve bağlamsal tamlayıcıları, katı söz dizimsel konumları, eş dizimsel sınırlılıkları, alternatif tamlayıcıları ve yapıları, çatıya bağlı istem değişiklikleri, tamlayıcılarının yüklendiği anlam bilimsel roller, tamlayıcıların taşıdığı seçme sınırlılıkları, anlam bilimsel istem yapıları vs. gibi bilgiler betimlenebilir. Bununla birlikte istem sözlükleri kullanım amaçlarına göre farklı yapılandırılabilir ve farklı istem betimleme modelleri kullanılabilir.

Keywords:

Thoughts and Turkish
2016
Author:  
Abstract:

In the dictionaries of European languages, the details are given with which complementaries the facts and other vocabulary elements are combined and which meanings are derived from this combination. In the Turkish Dictionary, the situation the facts need the accomplishments are missing, distorted, the arrival is good and wrong given or not given at all. Demand dictionaries serve as an important source to be used in the description of the structure of the dictionary elements while preparing general-purpose dictionaries. Valency dictionary is a specific dictionary type that describes in detail the logical, word-specific, form-specific, meaning-scientific and par-specific conditions and limitations required by vocabulary elements and contains the various structures that arise accordingly. In the world languages, the desire knowledge of the vocabulary elements and the desire dictionaries in which this information is recorded have received a strong interest, today the desire dictionaries of many languages, especially the Western languages, are prepared. It appears that the vocabulary (valency dictionary) which depicts the logical, dictionary and meaning scientific structures of natural languages does not see sufficient interest in Turkish and is often ignored. The vocabulary has various contributions to different fields. Demand dictionaries provide researchers with very important information in the fields such as language teaching, natural language processing and dictionary, as well as the scientific description of a language in the logical, dictionary and meaning. The structure of a vocabulary consists of different components. In a vocabulary, the number of vocabulary complements that a vocabulary element requires in a certain sense, the type and language of the complements, the vocabulary complements, the form of the complements, the form of the complements, the mandatory, selective and contextual complements, the rigorous vocabulary positions, the parallel complements, the alternative complements and structures, the ceiling-related demand changes, the scientific roles in which the complements are charged, the choice limitations of the complements, the scientific requirements structures, etc. However, desire dictionaries can be configured differently according to their purposes and different desire imaging models can be used.

Keywords:

Valency Dictionaries and Turkish
2016
Author:  
Abstract:

In the dictionaries of European languages, what arguments verbs and other lexical items take and what meanings these collocations create are listed in detail. In Turkish dictionaries, however, the case-marked arguments verbs can take are either given incompletely, disorderly, wrongly, or not given at all. Valency dictionaries serve as a source of reference for describing the morphological information of lexical items while preparing general purpose dictionaries. Valency dictionary is a type of dictionary that lists in a detailed fashion the logical, syntactic, morphological, semantic and collocational conditions and limits of lexical items and various structures that are formed accordingly. In world languages, valency of lexical items and valency dictionaries that consists of this information have attracted extensive attention, and such dictionaries for many languages, European languages in particular, have been published. It is seen that valency dictionaries, giving detailed information on the logical, syntactic and semantic structures of natural languages, have drawn little attention and been neglected in Turkish. Valency dictionaries contribute to different fields in various ways. Besides de-fining a language in terms of logical, syntactic and semantic aspects, valency dictionaries provides researchers with invaluable information regarding language teaching, natural language processing and dictionary production. The structure of a valency dictionary consists of different components. In general, various types of information can be clarified in a valency dictionary such as the number of arguments a lexical item requires for a specific meaning, the type and function of arguments, their syntactic valency structure, the morphological limitations of arguments, obligatory, optional and contextual arguments, syntactically strict positions, collocational limitations, alternative arguments and structures, variations of valency according to voice, semantic roles arguments take, optional limitations arguments carry and semantic valency structures. Valency dictionaries can change in line with the priorities and needs of the dictionary makers.

Keywords:

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