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11 Eylül'den bu yana Amerikan edebiyatının özelliklerinden biri, terörist saldırılarının gerekçelerini ve sonuçlarını anlamaya çalışan yazarların terörizm söylemiyle meşgul olmasıydı. Batı ile İslam arasındaki uzlaşmazlığın uzun tarihi, her yeni anlaşmazlığın patlak vermesiyle yeniden yüzeye çıkmakta ve 11 Eylül'e kadar edebi tepkiler bu eğilimi yansıtmaktadırlar. 11 Eylül'den sonra ikinci on yıla girdiğimizde, 11 Eylül'e verilen yanıt çoğunlukla terörizm üzerine şarkıyatçı bir söylem şeklinde olmuştur. Büyük bir şöhrete sahip ve kıdemli bir romancı olan John Updike, terörün nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını anlamaya çalışmaktadır, ancak, bu çabaları, Oryantalist önyargılara ve basmakalıp yargılara dayandığı için “Öteki” ile etkin bir biçimde ilişki kurmakta başarısızdır. Yazarların çalışmaları bireysel teröristleri müslüman klişeler olarak tasvir etmektedir ve daha sonra bu klişeleri İslam hakkında inşa edilmiş bir söylemle birleştirmektedir. Yazarın kurgusal teröristlerinin bireysel eylemleri, geri ve şiddetli dinin tezahürü olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu özellikler daha sonra ilerici ve aydınlanmış bir Batı ile tezat olarak sergilenmektedir. Updike üzerine bina ettiği çelişkiler, son Filistin-Amerikalı edebi kuramcı, Edward Said'in kuramsal alanında beklediler. Batılı söylemin Batılı olmayan kültürlere karşı önyargıları “Öteki” olarak etiketleyerek önyargılar oluşturduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Bu söylemin 11 Eylül'den sonra kendini göstermeye devam ettiğini savunmaktadır. Said'in Oryantalizm teorisine dayanarak, bu makale John Updike' ın Terörist adlı eserinde İslam ve Müslümanların tasviri analiz edilmektedir.
One of the characteristics of American literature since September 11 was that writers trying to understand the reasons and consequences of terrorist attacks were engaged in saying terrorism. The long history of the disagreement between the West and Islam is reappearing with the explosion of every new disagreement, and literary reactions until September 11 reflect this trend. When we entered the second decade after 11 September, the response to 11 September was mostly in the form of a singing speech about terrorism. John Updike, a renowned and prestigious novelist, tries to understand the causes and consequences of terror, but fails to effectively relate to the "Other" because these efforts are based on Orientalist prejudices and trials. The works of the authors describe individual terrorists as Muslim clichés and then combine these clichés with a speech built about Islam. The writer’s fictional terrorists’ individual actions are presented as a manifestation of back and violent religion. These characteristics are later displayed as a thesis with an advanced and illuminated West. The contradictions he built on Updike were expected in the theoretical field of the last Palestinian-American literary theorist, Edward Said. The Western speech claims that it creates prejudices by labeling its prejudices against non-Western cultures as "Other". The statement says it continues to show itself after 11 September. Based on Said’s theory of Orientalism, this article is analyzed in John Updike’s “Terrorist” work on the image of Islam and Muslims.
One of the characteristics of American literature since September 11 has been its preoccupation with the discourse of terrorism as writers attempt to comprehend both the reasons and results of the terrorist attacks. The long history of antagonistic conflict between the West and Islam always re-surfaces in the outbreak of new atrocities, and literary responses to September 11 reflect this tendency. As we enter second decade after September 11, the response to September 11 has mostly been in the form of a discourse on terrorism. John Updike, a veteran novelist of great repute, tries to understand the reasons and results of terrorism. However, his efforts fail to engage effectively with the “Other” as he depends on Orientalist biases and stereotypes. The author’ s work portrays individual terrorists as stereotypes of Muslims and then connects those stereotypes to a constructed discourse about Islam. His fictional terrorists’ individual actions are presented as manifestation of their backward and violent religion. These characteristics are then used to contrast with a progressive and enlightened West. The binaries Updike is building on, was anticipated in the theoretical field by Edward Said, the late Palestinian-American literary theoretician. Said states that Western discourse creates prejudices towards non-Western cultures by labeling them as the “Other.” He argues that this discourse continues to manifest itself after September 11. Based on Said’s Orientalism theory, the present paper analyzes John Updike’s novel Terrorist’ s depiction of Islam and Muslims.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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