Abstract:

Losing the First World War by joining the Central Powers on the side, Ottoman Empire was forced to sign the Mondros Armistice. Left victorious from the war, Allied Forces shortly after the signing of the Armistice started occupation movement in order toss hare Ottoman Empire’s lands. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, the Turkish Nation has launched a major campaign of resistance by not remaining silent in the force of foreign invasion and occupation. Due to the difficult situation of Ottoman Empire and the support of Western Powers, Grace has occupied İzmir on 15 May 1919. In order to expand the occupation Greek Forces have lost the First and Second Inonu Wars against Turkey. Greece increased military power by announcing a new campaign on these developments and taking action again July 10 1921, Greece occupied Afyon, Kütahya and Eskişehir. Faced with this situation, Mustafa Kemal Pasha ordered the Turkish Army to withdraw to the east of Sakarya. The failure of the army in Eskişehir-Kütahya war and the withdraw of the army to the east part of Sakarya River led responses among the public. Turkish Parliament gave Mustafa Kemal Pasha supreme command regarding the use of the powers of Turkish Assembly in order to rectify the situation on August 5, 1921. Using supreme command authority, Mustafa Kemal Pasha released National Orders on 7-8 August 1921 in order to equip and strengthen the Turkish Army. Covering all kind of materials and services with a connection of Turkish Army’s needs such as food, clothing, weapons, ammunition, transportation, communication, health etc, National Orders were applied until the end of National Struggle. By using all resources through financial and moral the Turkish Nation, these orders, providing for participation of the people behind the facade, has been a great contribution forte achievement of the National Struggle.

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