Sosyal bir tür olan insan, gruplar içerisine doğmakta ve belli grupların üyesi olarak yaşamını sürdürmektedir. Bu nedenle sosyal ilişkilere kabul edilmek ve gruplarda yer almak, tüm kültürlerde gözlemlenen temel bir motivasyon ve ihtiyaçtır (Baumeister ve Leary, 1995). Öte yandan, diğerleri tarafından kabul görmemek ve ait olma ihtiyacının karşılanmaması sosyal yaşamda sıklıkla karşımıza çıkan bir durumdur. Görmezden gelinme, yok sayılma, reddedilme kavramlarını içinde barındıran “sosyal dışlanma” bireylerin üzerinde bir dizi davranışsal, duygusal, bilişsel ve fizyolojik etkiye yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dışlanma olgusunu sosyal psikolojik açıdan ele alan araştırmalardan yola çıkılarak konuya dair kapsamlı bir inceleme sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Alandaki öncü çalışmalara ek olarak güncel literatür de göz önünde bulundurulmuş ve öncelikle dışlanma olgusu kavramsal ve tarihsel olarak ele alınmış, ardından deneysel çalışmalarda katılımcılara dışlanma deneyimi yaşatmak için kullanılan belli başlı yöntemlerden bahsedilmiş ve sosyal dışlanmanın bireyler üzerinde yarattığı etkiler ele alınmıştır. Son olarak dışlanma olgusunu açıklamaya çalışan teorik yaklaşımlardan söz edilmiştir.
A social species is born within groups and continues to live as a member of certain groups. Therefore, acceptance in social relationships and participation in groups is a fundamental motivation and need observed in all cultures (Baumeister and Leary, 1995). On the other hand, not being accepted by others and not satisfying the need to belong to it is a situation that we often encounter in social life. The “social exclusion” which contains the concepts of neglect, neglect, and rejection leads to a series of behavioral, emotional, cognitive and physiological effects on individuals. In this study, it is intended to provide a comprehensive study of the subject, based on the research that deals with the fact of exclusion from a social psychological point of view. In addition to the pioneering studies in the field, current literature was also taken into account and first the fact of exclusion was discussed conceptual and historically, then in experimental studies the main methods used to provide the experience of exclusion to participants were discussed and the effects of social exclusion on individuals were discussed. Finally, the theoretical approaches that attempt to explain the fact of exclusion were discussed.
As a social species, people are born into groups and maintain to live as members of groups. Therefore, inclusion in groups is a basic need in all human cultures (Baumeister and Leary, 1995). On the other hand, rejection by others is a common experience in social life. Social exclusion, eliciting the sense of being ignored, feeling invisible and rejected, leads to a series of behavioral, emotional, cognitive and physiological effects on humans. In this article, it is aimed to present a comprehensive examination of the social exclusion phenomenon based on research from social psychology. Firstly, in addition to the earliest studies in the field, contemporary literature has been taken into consideration and the phenomenon of exclusion has been conceptually and historically discussed. Then, the common methods which were used to give participants an experience of exclusion in the laboratory conditions are mentioned. Finally, the effects of social exclusion on individuals and theoretical approaches that try to explain social exclusion were discussed.
Field : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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