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Nevşehir bölgesinin karakteristiği olan yumuşak tüflü yüzey yapısı, çok eski çağlardan beri buraları yaşanılabilir kılmış ve âdete doğanın insanlığa bir armağanı olmuştur. İhtiyaçlar doğrultusunda oyulmuş mekânlar, başta sivil mimari (konutlar) olmak üzere, dini mimari (manastırlar, kiliseler, camiler, mezarlar), savunma yapıları ve zirai yapıların (bezirhaneler, setenler, güvercinlikler, arılıklar, şarap işlikleri, depolar, ahırlar) ortaya çıkmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Bunlardan biri olan güvercinlikler, Anadolu’da çok yaygın olmayan bir yapı türü olup Kapadokya bölgesinde yoğunlaşır. Nevşehir ve çevresindeki kaya oyma güvercinliklerin belirgin plan özellikleri yoktur. Tek katlı olabildikleri gibi, çok katlı örneklere de rastlanır. Eğimli bir yamaçtaki bir kaya bloğunun içine oyulabildiği gibi, müstakil peribacalarına oyulan türleri de vardır. Nevşehir bölgesindeki kaya oyma güvercinlikler, dış cephelerine yapılan boyalı bezemeleri ile dikkati çeker. Beyaz zemin üzerine, kırmızı, siyah, mavi ya da yeşil rengin kullanıldığı süslemeler geometrik, bitkisel, figürlü ve nesneli olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bezemelerin üzerlerinde yazan tarih, üslup ve kompozisyon özellikleri 18. yüzyıl ve sonrasına işaret etmektedir. Sık kullanılan motiflerden vazo içerisindeki karanfil çiçekleri ve yan yana dizilen servi ağaçları gibi uygulamalardan bunu anlamak mümkündür. Nargile gibi nesnelerin kullanılması ise 19. yüzyıl anlayışına uygundur. Pencere kenarlarına yapılan bezemeler sadece güvercinlerin dikkatini çekmek için yapılmış olsalardı daha zahmetli bir iş olan figürlü, bitkisel, nesneli ve geometrik bezemeli kompozisyonlarla uğraşılmaz, nakışsız düz boya sürmek de yeterli olabilirdi. Yerel sanatçıların bir taraftan güvercinlerin dikkatini çekerken diğer yandan dönemin modasını yansıtan bazı motif ve sembolleri kullanarak kendi iç dünyalarını, sosyal çevre ve yaşantılarını gösterebildikleri bir alan yarattıkları düşündürtmektedir.
The soft tuffaceous surface structure, which is the characteristic of the Nevşehir region, has made these regions inhabitable since ancient times, being a gift of nature to humanity. Engraved spaces in accordance with the needs paved the way for the emergence of specifically civil architecture (housing), religious architecture (monasteries, churches, mosques and tombs), defense structures and agricultural structures (linseed oil workshops, dovecots, bee yards, wine workshops, warehouses, stables). Being one of these structures, dovecots, which are in fact rare in Anatolia, are frequently found throughout the Cappadocia region. There are no specific architectural plans of these dovecots. They can be both single storey and multi storey. They can be carved into a rock block on a slope of a hill or individual fairy chimneys. Rock carved dovecots in Nevşehir region stand out with their painted decorations. The decorations which were painted on a white surface in red, black, blue or green, in some cases accompanied by an inscription, are geometric, floral and figurative. The decorations on the facades indicate the Ottoman period and both the date carved on dovecots and the stylistic and composition features belong to the 18th century. This can be inferred from the commonly used motifs such as carnation flowers in the vase and cypress trees arranged side by side. The use of objects such as hookah is in accordance with the 19th century understanding. If the decorations on the sides of the windows had been made only to attract the attention of pigeons, instead of
The soft tuffaceous surface structure, which is the characteristic of Nevşehir region, has made these regions inhabitable since ancient times, being a gift of nature to humanity. Engraved spaces in accordance with the needs paved the way for the emergence of specifically civil architecture (housing), religious architecture (monasteries, churches, mosques and tombs), defense structures and agricultural structures (linseed oil workshops, dovecots, bee yards, wine workshops, warehouses, stables). Being one of these structures, dovecots, which are in fact rare in Anatolia, are frequently found throughout Cappadocia region. There are no specific architecture plans of these dovecots. They can be both single storey and multi storey. They can be carved into a rock block on a slope of a hill or individual fairy chimneys. Rock carved dovecots in Nevşehir region stand out with their painted decorations. The decorations which were painted on a white surface in red, black, blue or green, in some cases accompanied by an inscription, are geometric, floral and figurative. The decorations on the facades indicate the Ottoman period and both the date carved on dovecots and the stylistic and composition features belong to the 18th century. This can be inferred from the commonly used motifs such as carnation flowers in the vase and cypress trees arranged side by side. The use of objects such as hookah is in accordance with the 19th century understanding. If the decorations on the sides of the windows had been made only to attract the attention of pigeons, instead of maintaining a more laborious work such as figurative, vegetative, object-oriented, geometric compositions; it would be sufficient to paint the walls without ornamentations. While the local artists were probably attracting the attention of pigeons with their ornaments, the fashion of the period must have reflected some of their inner worlds, social environments and even their sense of humor by using some motifs and symbols.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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