Abstract:

The microbiot is defined as a community of microorganisms living on/in the hook. In recent years, the physiological effects of the intestinal microbiot are very interesting with the reason that it is the most diverse and more bacterial colonization area. The diversity and balance in the intestinal microbiot is included in the pathogenesis of diseases that have reached epidemic scale throughout the world, such as diabetes and obesity. The form of birth, the use of antibiotics, lifestyle and eating habits are among the factors affecting the composition of the microbiota. The most important modified risk factor that affects the composition of the microbiome is the eating habits. High-pose, low-fat, Mediterranean-style nutrition and the use of pre- veprobiotics have a positive effect on intestinal microbiosis health, diversity and balance. The Mediterranean diet, which has a reverse relationship with the prevalence of chronic diseases and the development of dysbiosis, is a healthy dietary model such as the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet; polyphenols are a dietary model with a high level of vegetable and fruit consumption. Polyphenols are defined as bioactive nutrients that play a role in many biological activities in the body. 90–95% of these compounds in the phenolic structure are metabolized by the colonic microbiot and are produced by biologically active metabolites. The cause of the effects of these metabolites on colonosites and pathogenic bacteria has a bilateral relationship between intestinal microbiotics and polyphenols. Polyphenols also play an effective role in ensuring the metabolism of carbohydrates and regulation of insulin signaling pathways and in preserving the β-cell function with its antioxidant properties. Polyphenols are an important component of medical nutrition therapy at the primary, secondary and third level of protection in the treatment and prevention of the disease due to both the composition of microbiots and their potential positive effects on diabetes pathogenesis.

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