Abstract:

Saladin Ayyubid, the founder of the Ayyubid state, managed to unite the Egyptian-Syrian-Palestinian geography under his rule during his 22-year reign, which he ruled from his capture of Egypt in 1171 until his death in 1193 and Jerusalem an nihilated the Crusader kingdom. Saladin Ayyubid's political rhetoric was mostly realized through the call of jihad and the support of the Abbasid caliphate center was always in the foreground. Upon the death of Nur al-din Mahmud Zangi in 1174, the Zangi dynasty entered a process of division and turmoil. After Nur al-din Mahmud, his end, Malik Salih, who succeeded him, to shape Saladin Ayyubid's Syrian policy. During the reign of sovereign the child Malik Salih, he managed to turn the atmosphere of turmoil in Syria in his favor and he always acted in a moderate manner. The death of Malik Salih in 1181 was the beginning of the period when Saladin Ayyubid would literally dominate Syria. During this period, Saladin took advantage of the brother fights in the Zangi dynasty and managed to take control of the al-Jazeera region, especially Aleppo and Mosul. Thus, before the conquest of Palestinian territories, it included Syria in to the Ayyubid administration.

Keywords: