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  Citation Number 2
 Views 37
 Downloands 16
Dinî Çeşitliliği Değerlendirme Yetkisi: Frithjof Schuon Örneği
2013
Journal:  
Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Author:  
Abstract:

Öz: Bu makalede dinî bir otoriteden bağımsız olarak, dinî inançları değerlendirme yetkisi ve onların doğru anlaşılması meselelerine dair, Frithjof Schuon’un (1907-1998) epistemolojik çözümlerini inceledim. Çoğulcu bir bakışla bu sorulara cevap verebilmek için, Schuon üç mertebeli bir bilgi anlayışı ve iki tür anlama tarzı teorisini ileri sürer. Üç mertebeli bilgi anlayışında en yüksekte, mutlak Hakikatin etkin ve doğrudan bilgisi olan entellektüel bilgi, vayhe dayanan dinî-teolojik bigiden de dünya-içi tecrübelerin genellemesi sayılan aklî bilgiden de üst bir mertebededir. Bu sebeple entellektüel bilgi sahipleri mutlak Hakikat ve dinler arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirme yetkisine ve doğru anlama ehliyetine sahiptir. Schuon’a göre entellektüel bilgi, dinî öğretileri sembolik anlamayı gerektirir. Dinî öğretiler, biricik ve her zaman ve zemin için geçerli doğrular olarak değil, bir türsel kalıbın örnekleri gibi anlaşılmalıdır. Ancak Schuon’un görüşlerini iknâ edici delillerle desteklediğini söylemek zordur. Schuon’un görüşlerinde ciddî tutarsızlıklar görülmektedir. Ayrıca onların dindar insanlarca kabul edilmesi zordur, zira Schuon’un teorileri dindar insanların kendi dinlerine bağlanma gerekçesiyle çelişmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Schuon, Bilgi Mertebeleri, Entellektüel Bilgi, Dinî Çeşitlilik, Değerlendirme Yetkisi. The Authority to Appraise Religious Diversity Abstract: In this article, I discussed Frithjof Schuon’s (1907-1998) solutions to the issues of understanding and judging religious beliefs without relying on a certain religious authority. In this regard, Schuon develops his hierarchical theory of knowledge with three levels and and his theory of double understanding, within a pluralistic framework. Schuon places entellectual knowledge, which is the immediate knowledge of the absolute Truth, at the top of his hierarchical theory of knowledge, above the revelation based religious knowledge and rational knowledge. This is why the one who has entellectual knowledge has the authority to judge the relationship between religions and the absolute Truth and the qualification for correct understanding of religious beliefs. For Schuon, entellectual knowledge requires that religious teachings should be understood in a symbolic sense. They must not be understood as unique teachings true for all times and places, but as exemplifications of an essence realizable in many examples. However, Schuon hardly provides convincing evidence for his theories, which suffer from series contradictions. Furthermore his theories are not easily acceptable for followers of religions, since they destroy the ground that encourages people to give assent to religions. Keywords: Schuon, Levels of Knowledge, Intellectual Knowledge, Religious Diversity, Authority to Appaise.

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