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Soğuk Savaş dönemindeki siyasi şartlar İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi’nin hazırlanma ve ilan sürecine yansımış, bu gelişmeler Türkiye’deki insan hakları ile ilgili oluşum ve faaliyetleri de etkilemiştir. 1946’da BM’nin çağrısı üzerine devlet desteğiyle kurulan Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Haklarını ve Ana Hürriyetleri Sağlama ve Koruma Türk Grupu, İHEB paralelinde bir anayasa değişikliğini gündeme getirmezken 1950-1960 döneminde muhalefet partisi olan CHP’nin taleplerini İHEB üzerinden ifade ederek anayasa değişikliği önermiştir. 1961 ve 1982 Anayasalarının hazırlanmasında göz önüne alınan İHEB, Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin birçok kararında yer almıştır. Mahkeme, bazı kararlarında İHEB’ye bağlayıcılık atfederken, siyasi hayat ve faaliyetlerle ilgili kararlarda İHEB’yi ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’ni hak ve özgürlüklerin norm alanını daraltacak biçimde kullanmıştır. Mahkeme, Türkiye’nin Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nin yargı yetkisini tanıdığı 1990’dan sonraki kararlarında İHEB’ye oldukça az gönderme yapmıştır. Öte yandan bağlayıcı ve icrai mekanizmalara haiz olan AİHS’ye yapılan göndermeler, 1962-1990 dönemi ile kıyaslanamayacak şekilde artmıştır. Bu eğilimde AB’ye üyelik sürecinin ve Türkiye’nin AİHM’de çoğu kez tazminata mahkum edilmesinin rolü vardır. Özetle İHEB’nin Türk hukukundaki ağırlığı siyasi ve hukuki gelişmelerden etkilenmiştir
The political conditions during the Cold War reflected the process of preparing and proclaiming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and these developments also influenced the formation and activities related to human rights in Turkey. The United Nations Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Providing and Protection Turkish Group, which was established in 1946 at the call of the United Nations with state support, proposed a constitutional change by expressing the demands of the opposition party CHP in the 1950-1960 period through the United Nations Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Considered in the preparation of the Constitutions of 1961 and 1982, the IHEB was included in many decisions of the Constitutional Court. While the Court in some decisions imposed obligation to the IHEB, it used the IHEB and the European Convention on Human Rights in decisions relating to political life and activities in a way to shrink the norm of rights and freedoms. The court has made quite a few submissions to the European Court of Human Rights in its decision after 1990 that Turkey recognizes the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. On the other hand, the shifts to the IHS, which are subject to binding and executive mechanisms, have increased uncommonly with the 1962-1990 period. This trend plays the role of the EU membership process and that Turkey is often sentenced to compensation in the AIHM. The importance of Turkish law has been influenced by political and legal developments.
The political condition in The Cold War was reflected in the preparation and announcement of the UDHR and developments have also affected the formations and activities concerning human rights in Turkey too. Although UN Turkish Group on Ensuring and Protecting Human Rights and Freedoms was established upon the call of the UN and with the support of the state in 1946, it did not bring up a constitutional amendment in parallel with the UDHR. However, it proposed a constitutional amendment by expressing the demands of the opposition party CHP in the period of 1950-1960. Taking into consideration the UDHR in the preparation of the 1961 and 1982 Constitutions, UDHR took part in many decisions of the Constitutional Court. While the Constitutional Court attributes bindingness to UHEB in some of its decisions, it has been used to narrow the protection core of rights and freedoms in decisions regarding the political life and activities. The same is true for the European Convention on Human Rights. After Turkey’s recognition of the jurisdiction of European Court of Human Rights in 1990, Constitutional Court rarely made reference to İHEB in its further decisions. On the other hand, references to the ECHR, which has binding and has enforcement mechanisms, increased in an incomparable way between 1962-1990. EU membership process of Turkey and the conviction of her in several cases by ECHR has been the cause of this tendency. In summary, the dominance of UDHR in Turkish law has been influenced by political and legal developments
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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