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Kentsel mekân, kent olgusunun ilk varoluşundan günümüze, toplum dinamiklerine bağlı olarak sürekli bir dönüşüm içindedir. Sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik ve siyasi değişimler, kentsel mekânın dönüşümü ve şekillenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kentsel mekânın bu gelişim sürecinde, kentsel alana anlam yükleyen mimari ürün konuttur. Dolayısıyla bu süreçten ve değişimin yansımalarından etkilenen büyük kentlerden biri de İstanbul’dur. İstanbul’da 1950’li yıllarla birlikte hızla artan köyden kente göç, sonrasında çarpık yapılaşma gibi etkenler kontrol altına alınamayan kentsel dönüşüme imkân vermiştir. Konut, kentsel, kamusal alanlarla birlikte kurulan ilişkinin en önemli aktörü olmuş, dinamikleri etkisinde sürekli kendini yenilemiştir. Özellikle 1980’lerde imar düzenlemeleri ve konut talebi konut üretimlerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Köyden kente göç, farklı ekonomik sınıfların belirginleşmesi, yüksek rant, konut piyasasındaki rekabet, sınıfsal ve mekânsal ayrışmayı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu sayede yüksek güvenlikli, korunaklı yeni yaşam alanlarının şekillenmesi de kaçınılmaz olmuştur. Kent çeperine yayılan konut alanlarındaki gelişim, kent merkezlerinde yıkıp-yapma ya da dikey yaşam alanları şeklinde büyüme göstermiştir. Bu anlamda yaşanan bu değişim ve gelişim, ekonomik imkânlar çerçevesinde kent merkezinden ayrışan, bireyi sosyal çevreden uzaklaştıran yaşam alanlarına dönüşmüştür. Dolayısıyla içe dönük bir toplum ya da toplum şartlarının ortaya çıkardığı ortak alanlar yeni yaşam merkezi olarak biçim kazanmıştır. İstanbul, yüksek rantlı sosyo-kültürel gelişimin gözardı edildiği konut projeleri ile mekansal anlamda ayrışmayı belirgin bir şekilde göstermektedir. Bu anlamda çalışmada, İstanbulda kent içi, kent çeperlerine yayılan ayrıcalıklı konutların kentsel ve mekânsal değişiminin irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, kentleşme, konut sektörü, sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik değişimlerin konut sektörüne etkisi, kent içi, kent dışı konut alanları ve kent mekânının sosyal yaşam çerçevesinde değişimi ele alınmıştır. Özellikle kent merkezi dışında gelişen konut alanlarının oluşum sürecini etkileyen nedenler ve bu alanların İstanbul içindeki yerleşimleri örnekler üzerinden incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak İstanbul’da toplumsal ve kültürel yaşamın göstergesi olan konutun farklı yaklaşım, üretim biçimlerine rağmen, benzer özellikler ve ticari kaygılarla şekillenen, ayrıcalıklı ve ayrışmayı hissettiren, ekonomik sınıflar arasında kopukluğu ortaya çıkaran yaşam alanlarının belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıktığı tespit edilmiştir.
The urban space is in a constant transformation from the first existence of the city phenomenon to the present day, depending on the dynamics of society. Social-cultural, economic and political changes play an important role in the transformation and formation of the urban space. During this development process of the urban area, the architectural product that carries meaning to the urban area is the housing. Therefore, one of the great cities affected by this process and the reflections of change is Istanbul. In Istanbul, with the 1950s, the rapidly growing village migration to the city has made it possible for the urban transformation that has not been controlled by factors such as broken construction. Housing has become the most important actor of the relationship established together with urban, public spaces, has continually renewed itself under the influence of dynamics. Especially in the 1980s, building regulations and housing demand have led to the increase in housing production. Migration from the village to the city has revealed the manifestation of different economic classes, high rent, competition in the housing market, class and spatial separation. Thus, the formation of high-security, safeguarded new living areas was inevitable. The development of residential areas spread to the urban circle has shown growth in the form of destruction-building or vertical living areas in the city centers. In this sense, this change and development has become living areas that separate from the city center within the framework of economic possibilities, distracting the individual from the social environment. Thus, the common spaces revealed by the conditions of an intrinsic society or society have become a new center of life. Istanbul clearly shows the separation in spatial sense with housing projects where high-ranking socio-cultural development is neglected. In this sense, the work is aimed at promoting urban and spatial change of privileged housing spread to the urban and urban areas in Istanbul. In this context, urbanization, the housing sector, the impact of socio-cultural, economic changes on the housing sector, the changes in the framework of urban, non-city housing areas and the social life of the urban area have been addressed. The reasons that influence the process of formation of residential areas developing outside the city center and the settlements of these areas in Istanbul have been studied through examples. As a result, the different approach of the housing, which is an indicator of social and cultural life in Istanbul, despite its forms of production, has been found that the living areas that are formed with similar characteristics and commercial concerns, privileged and feeling separation, reveal the gap between economic classes, are clearly emerging.
Urban space is in a continuous transformation depending on the current day of the urban phenomenon and the dynamics of society. Socio-cultural, economic and political changes play an important role in the transformation and shaping of the urban space. In this development process of the urban space, the architectural product that gives meaning to the urban space is the residence. Therefore, one of the big cities affected by this process and the reflections of change is Istanbul. In Istanbul, factors such as rural-urban migration, which increased rapidly in the 1950s, and later unplanned housing, enabled urban transformation that could not be controlled. It has been the most important actor of the relationship established with housing, urban and public spaces, and has constantly renewed itself under the influence of its dynamics. Especially in the 1980s, zoning regulations and housing demand led to an increase in housing production. Migration from the village to the city has revealed the distinction of different economic classes, high rent, competition in the housing market, class and spatial segregation. In this way, it was inevitable that new living areas with high security and protection were to be formed. The development in residential areas that spread around the city periphery has grown in the form of demolition-building or vertical living spaces in city centers. In this sense, this change and development has turned into living spaces that diverge from the city center within the framework of economic possibilities and move the individual away from the social environment. Therefore, the common spaces created by an introverted society or social conditions have taken shape as a new life center. Istanbul clearly shows the spatial segregation with the housing projects that ignore the high-income socio-cultural development. In this sense, the aim of this study is to examine the urban and spatial change of privileged residences in the city center of Istanbul. In this context, urbanization, the housing sector, the impact of socio-cultural and economic changes on the housing sector, urban and extra-urban residential areas and the change of urban space within the framework of social life were discussed. Especially the reasons affecting the formation process of residential areas developing outside the city center and the settlements of these areas in Istanbul were examined through examples. As a result, it has been determined that despite the different approaches and modes of production of the residence, which is an indicator of social and cultural life in Istanbul, the living areas that are shaped by similar characteristics and commercial concerns, that make you feel privileged and segregation, reveal the disconnection between economic classes.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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