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Türkiye’de büyük ölçekli şehirlerin farklı bir belediye modeli ile yönetilmesi konusundaki arayış ve uygulamalar Osmanlı dönemine kadar gitmektedir. Osmanlı’da İstanbul’da uygulanan Şehremaneti belediye modeli, Cumhuriyet döneminde Ankara ile devam etti. 1950’den sonra kentleşmenin hızlanması sonucunda büyük şehirlerin daha da büyümesi yanında yeni büyük şehirlerin de ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. 1960-1980 döneminde büyük şehirlerin yönetimi konusunda sonuca ulaşamayan önemli girişimler oldu. Bu çabalar anayasal sınırlılıklar nedeniyle daha çok belediye birliği modeli üzerinde yoğunlaştı. İki kademeli büyükşehir belediye modelinin uygulanması ancak 1984’de mümkün olabildi. 2000’li yıllardaki kamu yönetimi reformları kapsamında büyükşehir belediye modeli de çok yönlü geliştirildi. 2000-2014 döneminde büyükşehir belediyeleri konusunda coğrafi yetki alanının genişlemesi ve küçük ölçekli yerel yönetimlerin azaltılması düzenlemeleri öne çıkmaktadır. Bu süreç sonunda büyükşehir modeli bir il yerel yönetim modeli haline dönüştü. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki büyükşehirlerin yönetimi ile ilgili girişim ve uygulama modelleri Osmanlı’dan günümüze dönemler çerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir.
The search and practices on the management of large-scale cities in Turkey with a different municipal model go to the Ottoman era. The city model applied in Osman in Istanbul, continued with Ankara during the Republic period. After the 1950s, as a result of the acceleration of urbanization, big cities have grown further and new big cities have emerged. In the period 1960-1980 there were important efforts that did not come to a result in the administration of the major cities. These efforts were more focused on the municipality model due to constitutional limitations. The implementation of the two-stage majority municipality model could only be possible in 1984. In the framework of the public administration reforms of the 2000s, the major city model was also diverse. During the 2000-2014 period, the extension of the geographical area of authority on the major municipalities and the reduction of small-scale local governments are promoted. At the end of this process, the major city model has become a local government model. In this study, the initiative and application models related to the management of the major cities in Turkey are analyzed in the framework of periods from Ottoman to today.
The search for and implementations of different municipality models for large scale cities in Turkey has dated back to the Ottoman period. The Şehremaneti municipality model implemented in Istanbul by Ottomans continued in Ankara in the Republican era. After 1950s due to increase in urbanization, along with the enlargement of already big cities, new big cities started to emerge. Between 1960 and 1980 there had been important but futile attempts about administration of large cities. These attempts focused mostly on municipality union model due to constitutional limitations. The implementation of two-level metropolitan municipality model became possible only in 1984. Metropolitan municipality model was improved during public administration reforms in 2000s. Between 2000 and 2014 regulations about extension of geographical authority space of metropolitan municipalities and reduction of small-scale local governments stood out. At the end of this process, metropolitan municipality model became a model for city local government. In this work, initiatives and implementation models about metropolitan municipalities in Turkey are analyzed from Ottomans to today in different periods.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Uluslararası
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