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Cinler, tarihin eski devirlerinden beri albastı, peri, karabasan gibi farklı türlü isimlendirmelerle insanların gündemlerinde yer almıştır. Cinlerin insanların merakına konu olması günümüzde de aynı şekilde devam ediyor görünmektedir. Bazı insanlar cinlerin varlığını kabul ederken bazıları da cin denilen ayrı bir varlık türünün olamayacağını iddia etmektedir. İnsanlardan cinlerle iletişime geçtiklerini söyleyenlerle cinlerden etkilenip farklı türlü olayların içine karıştıklarını ileri sürenler de bulunmaktadır. Bu iddiaların konusu olan insanlar kimi çevrelerce psikiyatri hastası olarak görülürken bir kısım insanlar tarafından da cinlerle iletişime geçtiği kabul edilen bireyler olarak görülmektedir. Bu itibarla insanların cinler hakkında farklı algılara sahip oldukları verdikleri tepkilerin çeşitliliğinden anlaşılabilmektedir. Bizim burada merakımızı çeken nokta ise insanların cinler hakkında nasıl bir algıya sahip olduklarıdır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırma ile söz konusu merakı gidermek ve insanların cinler hakkında nasıl bir algıya sahip olduklarını tespit etmek amaçlı bir ölçek geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Geliştirilmeye çalışılan cin algısı ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizine ilişkin araştırma Giresun Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi ile Eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören 605 öğrenci üzerinde google formlarda oluşturulan çevrimiçi ölçek formunun öğrencilere uygulanmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçek öğrencilere uygulanmadan önce Kur’an-ı Kerim’de yer alan cinlerle alakalı ayet-i kerimeler incelenmiştir. İnsanların cinler hakkında ne tür fikirlere sahip olduklarını tespit amaçlı incelemeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmalar neticesinde 45 maddelik bir ölçek havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Ölçek havuzunda yer alan maddeler din eğitimi, din sosyolojisi, tefsir ilmi akademisyenlerine gösterilmiştir. Akademisyenlerle yapı lan görüşmeler neticesinde konuya doğrudan katkısı olmayan veya sorulmasında sakınca bulunabilecek 15 madde ölçek havuzundan çıkarılmıştır. Ölçek havuzunda kalan 30 madde çevirimiçi yöntemle öğrencilere uygulanmıştır. Ölçek öğrencilere uygulandıktan sonra veri setinin faktör analizi için uygunluğuna bakılmıştır. Bu amaçla ölçeğin uygulanmasıyla elde edilen veri setinin Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin katsayısı ve Barlett testi sonuçları incelenmiştir. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin katsayısının 1’e yaklaşması ölçeğin uygulandığı örneklemin uygunluğunu belirtir. KMO katsayısının 0,5’in altında olması ise örneklemin uygun olmadığını ifade eder. Barlett testi ise korelayon matrisinin faktör analizi için uygunluğunu gösterir. Barlett test değerinin 0,05’ten küçük olması değişkenler arası ilişkinin faktör analizine uygunluğunu gösterir.2 KMO örnekleme yeterliliği istatistiği açısından maddeler arası bağıntılar faktör analizine yüksek düzeyde (KMO=0,831) uygun çıkmıştır. Barlett Küresellik test sonucu da (Sig.=0,000) aynı şekilde maddeler arasında faktör analizi yapmak için yeterli düzeyde ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği açıklayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiştir. Faktör analizinde 8 madde binişik olması ve faktör yüklerinin uygun değerlerin altında olması sebebiyle ölçekten çıkarılmıştır. Geriye kalan 22 madde tekrar faktör analizine tabi tutulmuş ancak faktörler tam belirgin olmadığı için faktör döndürme işlemi yapılmıştır. Faktör döndürme işleminde ölçeğin maddelerinin üç faktör altında toplandığı ve faktörlerin almış oldukları öz değerlerin anlamlılık düzeyinde olduğu görülmüştür. Açıklayıcı faktör analizinde ortaya çıkan üç faktörlü model amos 23 programında doğrulayıcı faktör analizine tabi tutularak ortaya çıkan modelin geçerliği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda analiz sonuçlarında ki-kare değeri “X2 =261,40” 2 ile 3 arasında kabul edilebilir uyumda, “X2 /df = 3,529” değeri 5’in altında kabul edilebilir uyumda, yaklaşık hataların ortalama karekökü (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation-RMSEA) “0,65” değeri ile kabul edilebilir uyumda, normlaştırılmış uyum indeksi (Normed Fit Index – NFI)” 0,915” değeri ile kabul edilebilir uyumda, normlaştırılmamış uyum indeksi (Non-Normed Fit Index - NNFI)”0,92” değeri ile kabul edilebilir uyuma yakın, karşılaştırmalı uyum indeksi (Comparative Fit Index-CFI) “0,93”değeri ile kabul edilebilir uyuma yakın, görece uyum indeksi (Relative Fit Index-RFI) = 0.89, hata kareleri ortalamasının karekökü (Root Mean Square Residual-RMR) 0,72, standart ortalama kalanların karekökü (Standardized Root Mean Residual-SRMR) = 0,05 değeri ile kabul edilebilir uyumda, iyi uyum indeksi (Goodness of Fit IndexGFI) 0,94 değeri ile kabul edilebilir uyumda, düzeltilmiş iyi uyum indeksi (Adjusted Goodness Of Fit Index- AGFI) 0,91 değeri ile iyi uyumu gösterir olarak bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle orta çıkan faktör değerleri kabul edilebilir değerlere uygun çıkmıştır. 22 madde olan ölçek, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi neticesinde regresyon değer yükleri uygun değerlerde olmayan maddelerin çıkarılmasıyla 14 maddelik bir ölçek haline gelmiştir.
The Jeans have been on the agenda of people with different names, such as albasty, peri, karabasan, since ancient times of history. The fact that the Jeans are concerned with people seems to continue in the same way today. Some people accept the existence of the Jeans, while some claim that there is no separate kind of being called the Jeans. There are also those who say that they have communicated with the Jeans and that they are influenced by the Jeans and that they are involved in different events. People who are subject to these claims are seen as psychiatric patients in some circles, while some people are also seen as individuals who have communicated with the Jeans. In this regard, it can be understood by the diversity of reactions that people have different perceptions about the Jeans. The point that we are wondering here is how people have an perception of the Jeans. Thus, this research has been aimed at developing a scale aimed at removing this curiosity and identifying how people have an perception of the Jeans. The research on the validity and reliability of the scale of the ginseng perception that is sought to be developed was carried out by the application of the online scale form created in Google forms on 605 students studying at the Faculty of Islamic Sciences of the University of Giresun and the Faculty of Education. The Qur’an was revealed in the Qur’an before the Qur’an was revealed in the Qur’an. Research has been conducted to determine what kind of ideas people have about the Jeans. As a result of this work, a 45-massive swimming pool was created. The materials in the scale pool are shown to the academics of religious education, religious sociology, interpretation science. 15 articles that could not directly contribute to the subject or be disturbed from the scale pool as a result of the construction talks with academics were removed. The remaining 30 items in the scale pool were applied to students by translation method. After the scale was applied to students, the suitability of the data set for the factor analysis was considered. For this purpose, the data set obtained by the application of the scale has been examined by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin ratio and the Barlett test results. The approximation of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin ratio to 1 indicates the suitability of the sample applied by the scale. If the KMO ratio is below 0.5 it means that the sample is not suitable. The Barlett test shows the suitability of the corelion matrix for the analysis of the factor. The barlett test value is less than 0.05 indicates the relevance of the intervariable relationship to the factor analysis.2 KMO sample adequacy statistics indicate that the intersubstancial connections are suitable for the factor analysis at a high level (KMO = 0.831) in terms of statistics. The Barlett Globality test result also (Sig.=0,000) showed that there was a sufficient level of relationship between the substances to do the analysis of the factor. The structure validity of the measurement has been tested by the explanatory factor analysis. In the factor analysis, eight items were scaled due to the fact that the factor load was below the appropriate values. The remaining 22 items were submitted to factor analysis again, but the factor reversion process was carried out because the factors were not completely clear. In the process of reversing the factor, it has been shown that the matters of the scale are gathered under three factors and that the values of which the factors are obtained are at the level of meaning. The three-factor model presented in the explanatory factor analysis was tried to identify the validity of the model presented under the verifying factor analysis in the amos 23 program. In this context, the quarter value in the analysis results "X2 = 261,40" is acceptable between 2 and 3, the value "X2 /df = 3,529" is acceptable below 5, the average quarter of errors (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation-RMSEA) is acceptable with the value "0,65", the standardized conformity index (Normed Fit Index - NFI)" is acceptable with the value "0,915", the non-standardized conformity index (Non-Normed Fit Index - NNFI)" is acceptable with the value "0,92", the comparative conformity index (Comparative Fit Index-CFI) is acceptable with the value "0,93", the standardized conformity index (Normed Fit Index - NFI)" is acceptable with the value "0,915" 89, root Mean Square Residual-RMR (Root Mean Square Residual-RMR) is 0.72, standard root Mean Residual-SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Residual-SRMR) = 0.05 is acceptable, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) is acceptable with 0.94, the adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) is good to 0.91. With the verifying factor analysis, the mediated factor values were matched with acceptable values. The scale, which is 22 matters, has become a scale of 14 matters with the extract of matters that are not in appropriate values of regression values as a result of the verifying factor analysis.
The gins have been on the agenda of people with different names such as albasti and fairy and nightmare since the ancient times of history. It seems that the jinn is the subject of people’s curiosity and continues in the same way today. While some people accept the existence of gins, some people claim that there cannot be a separate type of being called gin. Some people say that they communicate with the gin, others can claim that they are influenced by the gin and get involved in different kinds of events. On the one hand the people who are the subject of these claims are seen as psychiatric patients by some circles, on the other hand, they can be seen by others as individuals who have a contact with gins. Therefore, it can be understood from the diversity of the reactions that people have different perceptions about gin. What draws our curiosity here is how people perceive gin. Therefore, with this research, a scale was tried to be developed to eliminate this curiosity and to determine how people perceive the gin. The research on the validity and reliability analysis of the gin perception scale, which was tried to be developed, was carried out by applying the scale form created in google forms on 605 students studying at the Faculty of Islamic Sciences and Education Faculty of Giresun University. Before the scale was applied to students online, the verses that gave information about the gin in the Quran were examined and observations were made to determine what kinds of ideas people have about the gins. As a result of these studies, a 45-item scale pool was created. The items in the scale pool were shown to researchers who are experts in religious education, sociology of religion, and commentary science. As a result of the interviews made with experts, 15 items that did not have any clarity in their expressions or that could be objectionable in asking were removed from the scale pool. The 30 items in the scale were applied to students online. After applying the scale to students, the suitability of the data set for factor analysis was examined. For this purpose, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient and Barlett test results of the data set obtained for the application of the scale were examined. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin coefficient approaching “1” indicates the suitability of the sample to which the scale is applied. If the KMO coefficient is below “0.5” it means that the sample is not suitable. The Barlett test shows suitability of the correlation matrix for factor analysis. The Barlett test value less than “0.05” indicates the relevance of the relationship between variables to factor analysis. In terms of KMO sampling adequacy statistics, correlations between items showed a high level of compliance with factor analysis (KMO = 0.831). The Barlett Sphericity test result (Sig. = 0,000) also showed that there was a sufficient relationship between the items to perform factor analysis. The construct validity of the scale was tested by explanatory factor analysis. In the factor analysis, 8 items were excluded from the scale since the factor loads were below the appropriate values. The remaining 22 items were subjected to factor analysis again, but since the factors were not fully evident, factor rotation was performed. In factor rotation, the items of the scale were collected under three factors and the eigenvalues received by the factors were at the level of significance. In the Amos 23 program, the three-factor model that emerged in the explanatory factor analysis was tried to be determined by the confirmatory factor analysis. In this context, in the analysis results, chi-square value “X2 = 261,40” is in acceptable harmony between 2 and 3, “X2 / df = 3,529” value is acceptable under “5”, mean square root of approximate errors (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation -RMSEA) acceptable fit with “0.65” value, normed fit index (Normed Fit Index - NFI) Acceptable fit with “0.91” value, non-normed fit index (Non-Normed Fit Index - NNFI) “0.92” comparative fit index (CFI) close to acceptable fit with comparative fit index (Relative Fit Index-RFI) = 0.89, square root of mean square of squares (Root Mean Square Residual-RMR) 0.72, square root of the standard mean residuals (Standardized Root Mean Residual-SRMR) = 0.05 acceptable compliance good fit of index (GFI) with acceptable value, corrected goodThe fit index (Adjusted Goodness Of Fit Index- AGFI) was found to be good fit with a value of “0.91”. Factor values that emerged with confirmatory factor analysis conformed to acceptable values. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis from the 22-item scale, the regression value loads became a 14-item scale by subtracting items that were not at appropriate values. The 14-item scale was subjected to factor analysis again, and it was examined whether the items collected under 22 items and three factors were collected under the same factors again.
Alan : İlahiyat
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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