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Kur’an’ı Kerim İslam dininin temel esaslarını teşkil eden ilkeler içermektedir. Bu ilkeler, bir taraftan insanlara dünya ve ahiret mutluluğu vadeden evrensel bir teolojinin kaynağını oluştururken, diğer taraftan insanlar arası ilişkilerin düzenlenmesine, toplumsal düzenin oluşumuna ve kurumsallaşmasına zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte günümüzde Kur’an ayetlerinin Allah’ın murad ettiği mananın dışında yorumlanması, bireyleri ve toplumları din kaynaklı kaotik sonuçlara sürükleyebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Enfal suresi 39. ayette geçen “Dünyada fitne kalkıncaya, din yalnız Allah’ın oluncaya kadar savaşın!...” ifadesi, kendi teolojilerini meşrulaştırmak için kutsal değerleri araçsallaştıran bazı kişi ve gruplarca dini motifli şiddetin kaynağı olarak kullanılarak toplumsal düzeni bozan tutum ve davranışlara sebebiyet verebilmektedir. Ayetin özgün koşullarından ve tarihsel-sosyolojik bağlamından kopartılarak aktarılması nedeniyle ortaya çıkan bu durum, dini argümanlara yönelik statik yaklaşımla da meşrulaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu makalede, dini nasları araçsallaştırarak şiddeti meşrulaştırmaya çalışan söz konusu yaklaşım karşısında, anılan ayetin müfessirler tarafından nasıl anlaşılıp yorumlandığı, ayette ifade edilen fitnenin ne anlama geldiği ve savaşın hangi durumlarda başvurulabilecek bir yol olduğu gibi hususlar, Kur’an bilimsel ve tarihsel-sosyolojik bakış açısıyla yorumlanacaktır.
The Qur’an contains the principles that constitute the basic principles of Islamic religion. These principles, on the one hand, make people the source of a universal theology of world and everlasting happiness, while on the other hand, prepare the ground for the organization of human relations, the formation of social order and the institutionalization. But today the interpretation of the Qur’an verses beyond the meaning that God has muraded, can drive individuals and communities to chaotic consequences from religion. In verse 39 of the Qur’an says: “Fight until the world is fit, and the religion is only God. The expression can cause attitudes and behaviors that disrupt the social order by using the source of religious-motivated violence by some individuals and groups that instrumentate sacred values to legitimate their own theologies. This situation arising from the translation from the original conditions of the verse and from the historical-social context, has also been attempted to be legitimated by a static approach to religious arguments. In this article, in the face of this approach that attempts to legitimize violence by means of religious methods, the facts such as how the aforementioned verses are understood and interpreted by the inspectors, what the meaning of the fiction expressed in the verses and in which circumstances the war is a way to be applied, the Qur’an will be interpreted from a scientific and historical-social perspective.
The Qur'an contains principles that constitute the basic principles of Islamic Islam. These principles create the source of a universal theology in which the world and the hereafter presents happiness on the one hand, help to regulate interpersonal relationships and lay the groundwork of the formation and institutionalization of social order. However, the interpretation of the Quran verses today different from God’s desires can drag individuals and societies into religion-sourced chaotic consequences. In this context, Surah Al-Anfal is used by some people’s and groups’ attitude that disrupts the social order by using religious themed as a source of violence that instrumentalize sacred values to legitimize their own theologies by Al-Anfal 39. “And fight them on until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah altogether and everywhere; but if they cease, verily Allah doth see all that they do.” This situation, which has arisen due to the separation of the verse from its original conditions and its historical-sociological context, is being tried to be legitimized by a static approach to religious arguments. In fact, with instrumentalization and commodification, legitimization is among the most important functions of modern times. Because, in today's world, the religious life guided by the global legitimacy patterns of social life is rapidly metamorphosed within popular cultural contents; On the other hand, in this variable cultural environment, forms of religious understanding lose their effectiveness and reality by moving away from their traditional structure. In this article, it is attempted to demonstrate, in the example of the 39th verse of Surah al-Anfal, how the verses of the Qur'an are instrumentalized and thus commoditized by interpretation in a manner that is subject to varying modal legitimacy. The Qur'an is tried to explain in terms of scientific and historical-sociological point of view, such as how the interpreted verses are understood and interpreted by the commentators in the approach to the religious texts by means of instrumentalizing violence, what is the meaning of the struggle expressed in the aftermath, and in what situations the war can be applied. In the conclusion, it is emphasized that peaceful steps should be taken without waiting in the name of the future of mankind in which people are trying to legitimize violence in the name of Islam, and included suggestions regarding the mentioned steps are made.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Filoloji; Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler; Spor Bilimleri
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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