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Orta Gelir Tuzağının Belirleyicileri: Yükselen Ekonomiler Üzerine Bir Analiz
2019
Journal:  
Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences
Author:  
Abstract:

Orta gelir tuzağı (OGT), genellikle nispeten yüksek oranda büyümenin yaşandığı bir dönemle orta gelir düzeyine ulaşma; ancak buradan yüksek gelir düzeyine geçişte zorlanma durumunu ifade etmektedir. Orta gelir grubunda olan ülkelerin temel iktisadi sorunlarından biri, düşük gelir grubundan orta gelir grubuna yükselişte gösterdikleri büyüme performansını, yüksek gelir grubuna geçiş için devam ettirememeleridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üst-orta gelir grubunda yer alan seçilmiş 16 ülkenin 1996-2015 dönemi verileriyle OGT için belirleyici olan faktörlerin analiz edilmesidir. Modelde bağımlı değişken olarak kişi başı GSYİH (Y) ve OGT’yi belirleyen faktörleri temsilen bağımsız değişkenler olarak ar-ge harcamaları (ARGE), dışa açıklık oranı (DAO), internet kullanım oranı (IKO), eğitim harcamaları (EH), işgücü verimliliği (IV), bilimsel makale sayısı (BMK), enflasyon oranı (ENF) ve işsizlik oranı (IO) değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. Panel eşbütünleşme analiziyle, bağımlı değişken ile bağımsız değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Panel nedensellik analizi sonucuna göre, Y’den DAO ve ARGE değişkenlerine doğru, IKO, IV ve BMK değişkenlerinden Y’ye doğru tek yönlü; Y ile IO ve EH değişkenleri arasında çift yönlü nedensellik saptanmış; Y ile ENF değişken arasında nedensellik ilişkisine rastlanmamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde OGT’den korunma ve/veya çıkış için politika önerileri sunulmuştur.

Keywords:

Indicators of the Medium Income Puzzle: An Analysis of Emerging Economies
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

The concept of middle income trap (MIT) refers to a situation where countries with relatively high growth rates reach the middle income level but then face difficulties in arriving at high income levels. One of the basic economic problems of middle-income countries is being unable to continue their growth performance they had at low-income level to move towards high-income. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors determining the MIT with a sample of the selected 16 countries in the upper-middle income group for the 1996-2015 period. In model, GDP (Y) is dependent variable, and R&D expenditures (ARGE), openness (DAO), internet use rate (IKO), education expenditures (EH), labor productivity (IV), number of published scientific papers (BMK), inflation rate (ENF) and unemployment rate (IO) used as independent variables determining MIT. A cointegration relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables were determined. With results of the panel causality analysis, one-way causality relationship from Y to DAO and ARGE variables, and from IKO, IV and BMK variables to Y; and a two-way causality between Y, and IO and EH variables were found. There is no causality relationship between Y and ENF variables. Using empirical findings obtained, policy recommendations to avoid or get rid of MIT have been provided.

Keywords:

Determinants Of Middle Income Trap and An Analysis On Emerging Economies
2019
Author:  
Abstract:

The concept of middle income trap (MIT) refers to a situation where countries with relatively high growth rates, reach the middle income level but then face difficulties in arriving at high income levels. One of the basic economic problems of middle income countries is being unable to continue their growth performance they had in low income level to move toward high income. The aim of this study is analyze the factors determining the MIT with a sample of the selected 16 countries in the upper-middle income group for the 1996-2015 period. In model, GDP (Y) is dependent variable, and  R&D expenditures (ARGE), openness (DAO), internet use rate (IKO), education expenditures (EH),labor productivity (IV), number of published scientific papers (BMK), inflation rate (ENF) and unemployment rate (IO) used as independent variables determining MIT. A cointegration relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables were determined. With results of the panel causality analysis, one-way causality relation from Y to DAO and ARGE variables, and from IKO, IV and BMK variables to Y; and a two-way causality between Y, and IO and EH variables were found. There is no causality relation between Y and ENF variables. Using empirical findings obtained, policy recommendations to avoid or get rid of MIT have been provided.

Keywords:

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Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences

Field :   Güzel Sanatlar; Hukuk; İlahiyat; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler

Journal Type :   Uluslararası

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Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences