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Türklerle ilgili en eski kaynaklardaki veriler, Çinlilere ait olup, Türkçe kelime ve terimlerle ilgili ancak Çin yıllıklarındaki şekillerinden hareketle fikir yürütülebilmektedir. Çin kaynaklarında Çin imlasıyla geçen kelimelerin Türkçede aslında nasıl olduğunun kesin olarak bilinememesi, Türkolojinin önemli problemlerinden biridir. Problemin çözülebilmesi için Türkçe kelimelerin Çincedeki telaffuzlarından yola çıkılarak, çeşitli analizlere ulaşmak ve çeşitli denklikler kurmak mümkün olabilir. Bu konudaki çalışmalara katkıda bulunabilecek eserlerin başında Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü adıyla kitaplaştırılan ve XIV. yüzyılda Ming Hanedanı Tercüme Odası tarafından hazırlanan sözlüktür. Sözlüğün yazımı Ming sülalesinin ilk imparatoru Chu Yüan-chang’in emriyle tercümanlar odası kurularak, Hu-i-i-yü (Çin dilleri ile beraber diğer dillerin karşılaştırmalı sözlüğü) ile beraber 1382 yılında başlatılmıştır. Eserin Pekin’de dört, Japonya’da dört, Avrupa’da yedi nüshası bulunup, sözlük üzerinde Amiot, Klaproth, Ligeti, Hu Chên-hua ve Huang Jun-hua, Paul Pelliot, F. K. Müller ve Mağfiret Kemal Yunusoğlu çalışmıştır. Yunusoğlu’nun çalışması sözlüğün nüshalarının karşılaştırmalı bir yayınıdır. Sözlükteki Eski Uygurca malzemeden hareketle imla, ses, şekil, söz varlığı incelemeleri yapılan eserde açıklamalar, metin ve dizin bölümleri de yer almakta yukarıda bahsedilen probleme yönelik bir bölüme yer verilmemektedir. Bu çalışmada Yunusoğlu neşrindeki Eski Uygurca kelimelerin Çincedeki imlası esas alınmak suretiyle denkliklere dayalı bir veri tabanı oluşturulmuş ardından da bu denklikler esaslı ses olayları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, işte bu ses olaylarından birini, ünsüz düşmesi hadisesini ele almakta ve Türkçe kelimelerin Çincede söylenirken ne tür değişikliklere uğradığını/uğrayabileceğini örneklerle göstermektedir.
The data in ancient sources relating to Turks belong to the Chinese, and the Turkish words and terms can only be interpreted by the way in the Chinese years. The fact that the Chinese sources do not know exactly how the words in Chinese are actually in Turkish is one of the major problems of Turkology. To solve the problem, it can be possible to reach various analyses and create different equations by starting out of the pronunciation of the Turkish words in Chinese. The works that could contribute to the work on this subject were first booked under the name of the Uyghur-Chinese Dictionary of Intelligence and XIV. It is a dictionary prepared by the Ming Dynasty Translation Chamber in the century. The dictionary was written under the order of the first emperor of the Ming Sulail, Chu Yuan-chang, and was established in 1382 along with Hu-i-i-yu (the comparative dictionary of other languages along with Chinese languages). The work has four in Beijing, four in Japan, seven in Europe, and on the dictionaries has worked Amiot, Klaproth, Ligeti, Hu Chên-hua and Huang Jun-hua, Paul Pelliot, F. K. Müller and Mağfiret Kemal Yunusoğlu. The work of Yunusoğlu is a comparative publication of the nons of the dictionary. In the dictionary of the Old Uighur material, the work of imla, sound, shape, word existence examinations is also included in the descriptions, text and directory sections; the above-mentioned issue is not included in a section. In this study, a database based on equations was created on the basis of the imlasm of the ancient Uighur word in Yunusoğlu's pleasure in China; then these equations were identified on the basis of sound events. This study is addressing one of these sound events, the incident of unknown falling, and shows with examples what kind of changes the Turkish words could have occurred when spoken in Chinese.
The data in the oldest sources about the Turks belong to the Chinese, for this reason, the ideas related to oldest Turkish words and terms can be interpreted based on the figures in Chinese annual. One of the important problems of Turcology is that the obscurity of how the words written with Chinese spelling in Chinese sources are actually in Turkish. In order to solve the problem, it may be possible to reach various analyzes and to establish various equivalents based on the pronunciations of Turkish words in Chinese. The book entitled with Uighur-Chinese Idikut Dictionary is prepared by the Ming Dynasty Translation Room in 15th century and it is one of the principal works that can contribute to the studies on this subject. The writing of the dictionary was initiated in 1382 together with the Hu-i-iu (a comparative dictionary of Chinese and other languages) by the chamber of interpreters established with the order of Chu Yüan-chang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The work has four copies in Beijing, four in Japan and seven in Europe and Amiot, Klaproth, Ligeti, Hu Chên-hua and Huang Jun-hua, Paul Pelliot, F. K. Müller and Mağfiret Kemal Yunusoğlu has worked on it. Yunusoglu's work is a comparative publication of dictionary’s copies. In the text that has various examinations about spelling, sound, form, vocabulary with reference to the Old Uighur material, there are explanations, text and index sections, but not a section for aforementioned problem. In this study, a database based on equivalences was created depending on Chinese spelling of Old Uighur words in Yunusoğlu’s work; and then the sound events based on these equivalences were determined. This study deals with one of these vocal phenomena, the consonant fall and shows the examples of the changes in Turkish words in Chinese pronunciation.
Field : Filoloji
Journal Type : Ulusal
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