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1960’lı yılların başlarından itibaren Sovyet resmi tarihçiliğinin ve yine aynı dönemde Azerbaycan’da okutulan tarih ders kitaplarının 20. yüzyıl Azerbaycan milli tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’ne yaklaşımını ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada “genel tarama modeli” ve “doküman analizi” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada yayınlandığı yıldan, SSCB’nin yıkılışına kadar geçen dönemde Sovyet resmi bakışını yansıtan bir eser olma özelliği taşıyan ve Azerbaycan SSC İlimler Akademisi tarafından yayınlanan üç ciltlik “Azerbaycan Tarihi” isimli eser ve 1960-1980 yılları arasında Azerbaycan’da okutulan tarih ders kitaplarından oluşturulan bir örneklem üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda Sovyet resmi tarihçiliğinin Azerbaycan’ın 1917-1920 yılları arasındaki tarihsel olay ve süreçlere genel olarak Bolşeviklerle yabancı emperyalistler arasındaki mücadeleler şeklinde yaklaştığı anlaşılmıştır. Böylece söz konusu dönemde Bolşeviklerin gücü ve Azerbaycan tarihinde oynadıkları rol olduğundan daha büyük gösterilirken, Azerbaycan milli hareketinin temsilcisi Müsavat Partisi’nin rolü ise Azerbaycan halkının özgürlük hareketini engellemeye çalışan yabancı işgalcilerin işbirlikçisi konumuna indirgenerek tarihsel rolü ve önemi gözden kaçırılmakta ve değersizleştirilmektedir. Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti de burjuva ve büyük toprak sahiplerinin hükümeti olarak nitelendirilmekte, uyguladığı politikalar ise irtica, karşıdevrim ve Osmanlılaştırma hareketleri olarak görülmekte ve eleştirilmektedir. Sovyet tarihçiliğinin Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’ne karşı yaklaşımı SSCB’de okutulan tarih ders kitaplarına da aynen yansıtılmıştır.
From the beginning of the 1960s, the Soviet official history and the historical curriculum books taught in Azerbaijan in the same period, aimed at revealing the approach to the Mussavatians and the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, which had an important place in the 20th century Azerbaijan national history, used the "general scan model" and the "document analysis" technique. From the year in which the study was published, it has been studied on an example of a three-colored work called "Azerbaijan History" published by the Soviet Academy of Sciences, which has the character of being a work that reflects the Soviet official view in the period from the fall of the Soviet Union until the collapse of the Soviet Union, and a sample created from the history curriculum books studied in Azerbaijan between the 1960s and the 1980s. The study concluded that the Soviet official history approached the historical events and processes of Azerbaijan between 1917-1920 in the form of struggles between the Bolsheviks and the foreign imperialists in general. Thus, the power of the Bolsheviks and the role they have played in the history of Azerbaijan in the given period is shown to be greater, while the role of the representative of the Azerbaijani national movement, the Mussavat Party, is reduced to the cooperative position of the foreign occupants trying to prevent the movement of freedom of the Azerbaijani people, and its historic role and importance is overlooked and underestimated. The Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan is also described as the government of the bourgeois and major landowners, and its policies are seen and criticized as the anti-revolution and Ottomanization movements. The approach of Soviet history to the Mussavets and the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic is also reflected in the history lessons studied in the USSR.
From the beginning of the 1960s until the collapse of the USSR, the official historiography of the Soviet Union and the history textbooks of Azerbaijan, which were studied in Azerbaijan, were to reveal the approach of the Müsavatists and the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. In this study, the ”general screening model“ and ”document analysis“ technique was used. In the research, a three-volume study on the History of Azerbaijan, which was published by the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR, and a sample of history textbooks which were taught in Azerbaijan between 1960-1990, reflecting the official view of the Soviet Union until the fall of the USSR, were studied. At the end of the research, it was understood that the Soviet official historiography approached the historical events and processes of Azerbaijan between 1917-1920 in the form of struggles between Bolsheviks and foreign imperialists. Thus, while the Bolsheviks are bigger than the role they play in Azerbaijan's history, the role of the Musavat Party, the representative of the Azerbaijani national movement, is reduced to the role of collaborator of the foreign occupiers who are trying to prevent the Azerbaijani people's freedom movement and its historical role and importance are overlooked and worthless. The Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan is considered as the government of the bourgeois and big landowners, and the national policies applied are evaluated and criticized as reactions of reaction, counterrevolution, and Ottomanization. The approach style of Soviet historiography mentioned above very briefly against the Musavat and the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic is also reflected in the history textbooks taught in the USSR.
Alan : Eğitim Bilimleri; Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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