Osmanlı Devleti, Tanzimat Döneminden itibaren Bağdat ve havalisi için özel yönetim tedbirleri almıştır. Özellikle bölgede tesis edilen VI. Ordu Komutanlığı ve Midhat Paşa'nın Bağdat Valiliği sırasındaki başarılı icraatları dikkatlerin bir kez daha bölge üzerinde yoğunlaşmasına sebebiyet vermiştir. II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde de emperyalist faaliyetlere karşı Bağdat ayrıcalıklı önemini muhafaza etmiş, Ordu Komutanlığı ve Valilik görevleri tevcihinde son derece hassas davranılarak bölgedeki otorite boşluğu doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na dahil olmasıyla birlikte Bağdat vilayet idaresinde köklü değişiklikler oldu. Bağdat Vilayeti daha çok askeri bir mahiyet kazandı. Savaşta İngilizlerin en büyük hedefi haline geldi. Selman-ı Pak ve Kûtü’l-Amâre’de kazanılan tarihi başarılar İngilizlerin hevesine engel oldu. Ancak, Almanya’nın bölgede kendi menfaatleri doğrultusundaki çalışmaları ve bürokraside yaşanan yetki tartışmaları İngiliz tehdidi karşısında yeterli önlemlerin alınamamasına neden olmuştur. Nitekim İngilizler yaklaşık 10 ay gibi kısa sayılabilecek bir içerisinde önce Kûtü’l-Amâre’yi ardından Bağdat’ı alarak Türk-Alman anlaşmazlığından istifade etmesini bilmiştir. Almanların Bağdat’ı kurtarmak için planladıkları Yıldırım Orduları Grup Kumandanlığı projesi de Bağdat’ı kurtarmak için yeterli olmamıştır.
The Ottoman State has taken special administrative measures for Baghdad and its transfer since the Tanzimat period. Especially in the area. The successful execution of the Army Command and Midhat Pasha during the Baghdad Governorate has once again caused the attention to concentrate on the area. and II. During the period of legitimacy, Baghdad also retained its privileged importance against imperialist activities, and the army command and governor's duties were very sensitive and tried to fill the authority gap in the region. However, as the Ottoman State was involved in the First World War, there were radical changes in the administration of the province of Baghdad. The province of Baghdad has won a more military captivity. It became the greatest target of the British. The historical successes gained in Salman-i Pak and Kûtü'l-Amâre prevented the enthusiasm of the British. However, Germany’s work on its own interests in the region and the burocracy power discussions have led to the failure to take adequate measures against the British threat. Indeed, the British knew that in a period that could be short as about 10 months, they would first take Kûtü'l-Amâre and then take Baghdad and resign from the Turkish-German dispute. The Lightning Army Group Command Project, which the Germans planned to rescue Baghdad, was not enough to rescue Baghdad.
The Ottoman State had taken special management precautions for Baghdad and its vicinity since The Period of The Tanzimat. Especially, the formation of the VI. Army command in the region and the successful performances of Midhat Pasha during his Baghdad governership once again caused that attention be focused on the region. Also during the II. Constitutionalist Period against the emperialist activities Baghdad preserved its privileged position and the Ottoman State being meticulous about conferring the army commandment and governership posts tried to fill the authority gap in the region. However, with the inclusion of the Ottoman State in the First World War, there were radical changes in the province of Baghdad. Baghdad Province became more of a military character. It became the greatest target of the British in the war. Historical successes in Selman Pak and Kûtü'l-Amâre prevented the desire of the British. However, Germany's efforts towards its own interests in the region and the debates on authority in the bureaucracy have caused inadequate measures to be taken against the British threat. As a matter of fact, the British were able to take advantage of the Turkish-German conflict by taking Kûtü'l-Amâre and then Baghdad in a short period of about 10 months. The Yıldırım Armies Group Command project planned by the Germans to save Baghdad was not enough to save Baghdad.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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