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Bu çalışmada kamu yönetiminin dönüşümünde merkezileşme ve yerelleşme konuları iki ana başlık altında ele alınacaktır. Bu başlıklardan ilki dünyadaki kamu yönetiminin tarihsel gelişimidir. Sonrasında yerel yönetimler ele alınarak, dünyadaki merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerin tarihsel süreci karşılaştırılacaktır. İkinci ana başlıkta ise Türkiye’deki kamu yönetiminin gelişim sürecine değinilecektir. Türkiye’de kamu yönetiminin gelişimi Selçuklu Devleti, Osmanlı Devleti ve Türkiye Cumhuriyet olmak üzere üç bölümde incelenecektir. Selçuklu dönemine ait ayrıntılı verilere ulaşılamasa da merkezi yönetim anlayışı benimsendiği bilinmektedir. Osmanlı döneminde, merkezileşmeden yerelleşmeye geçiş sürecine değinilecektir. Cumhuriyet döneminde ise anayasal hükümlerden, uzmanlar tarafından hazırlanan raporlardan ve Avrupa Birliği sürecinde gerçekleşen gelişmelerden yararlanılacaktır. Merkezi yönetimin yerel ve müşterek ihtiyaçları yeterince hızlı karşılayamaması, ihtiyaçların farklılaşması ve sunulan hizmetlerin ihtiyaçlar çerçevesinde değerlendirildiğinde, bölgeler arası eşitsizlik oluşturulabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada hizmetlerin yerine getirilmesinde yerelleşmenin ön plana çıktığı savunulmuştur. Ancak uygulamada yerelleşmenin tam olarak sağlanamadığı bu çalışma sonunda görülecektir.
In this study, the transformation of public administration and localization issues will be discussed under two main titles. The first of these titles is the historic development of public administration in the world. Then the local governments will be discussed, comparing the historic process of the central and local governments in the world. In the second main title, we will refer to the development process of the public administration in Turkey. The development of public administration in Turkey will be examined in three sections: the Selçuklu State, the Ottoman State and the Republic of Turkey. Although the details of the Selchuklu period are not available, it is known that the central management concept has been adopted. In the Ottoman period, it will be referred to in the process of transition to the centralization. During the period of the Republic, the constitutional provisions, the reports prepared by experts and the developments in the process of the European Union will be taken advantage of. It is believed that when the central administration is not able to meet local and customer needs quickly enough, the differentiation of needs and the services offered are assessed in the framework of needs, regional inequality can be created. This is why it is defended that localization is in the forefront of the service. But at the end of this work it will be seen that the localization in the application is not fully provided.
In this study, centralisation and localisation in the transformation of public administration will be discussed into two main topics. The first one is the historical development of public administration. After that, local administration will be mentioned and then the historical process of central and local administrations in the world will be compared. In the second main topic, the development process of public administration in Turkey will be mentioned. The development of public administration in Turkey will be studied into three parts: Seljuks, Ottoman Empire, and the Turkish Republic. Even if it could not be reached to the detailed data belonging Seljuk period, it is known that the central administration view was accepted. In the Ottoman Period, the transformation process from centralisation to localisation will be mentioned. And in the Turkish Republic period, it will be benefitted from constitutional provisions, reports from experts and developments in the European Union process. It is thought that there can be inequality among regions due to the central government’s not satisfying local and common necessities fast enough, changes in necessities and supplied services through necessities. For this reason, in this study, it is argued that localisation stands out in fulfilling the services. However, it will be seen at the end of this study that in practice localisation could not be carried out.
Field : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Journal Type : Ulusal
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