Özet:

In conventional farming, the negative effects of pesticides usage on the environment and human health in chemical control have resulted in efforts to reduce the use of pesticides. One natural method to counter pesticides is organic farming with biological control by introducing natural enemies in place of pesticides. Organic farming can be defined as an approach to agriculture is to create environmentally and economically sustainable agricultural production systems. Biological control is most effective when used together with other compatible pest control practices in organic farming. There are three general approaches to biological control; conservation, augmentation and importation of natural enemies. The conservation of natural enemies is the most important and readily available biological control practice in recent years. If the populations of a natural enemy are not present or can not respond quickly enough to the pest population, augmentation is used to manipulate of natural enemies and increase their effectiveness. This type of biological control involves two general methods: mass production and periodic colonization; or genetic enhancement of natural enemies. Natural enemies can be released at a critical time of the season (inoculative release) or literally millions can be released (inundative release). Importation of natural enemies, referred to as classical biological control, is the introduction of natural enemies to a new locale where they did not originate or do not occur naturally. Biological control in organic agricultural systems is more friendly to the environment and more sustainable than the other farming systems. There is a need to study the past trends in inputs usage like fertilizers and pesticides in crop production and alternative control methods with strategies for sustainable agriculture.

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