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Osmanlı toplumunun siyasî, iktisadî, hukukî ve içtimaî durumlarının ortaya çıkarılmasında önemli kaynaklar arasında yer alan Şer’iyye Sicilleri çalışmanın asıl kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Osmanlı aile hukuku şer’i hukuk içerisinde yer almaktadır. Şer’iyye sicillerine yansıyan konularda İslam aile hukukunun teoriden pratiğe yansıması durumudur. Şer’iyye sicillerinde bulunan dayak ve öldürme vakalarının yer aldığı şehirler Balıkesir, Bursa, Kayseri, Larende, Lefkoşa, Silistre, Ayıntab, Şanlıurfa, Samsun, Harput, Çorum, Çankırı, Bursa, Amasya ve Erzincan’dır. Kadınlar dayak olayını şahitlerle ispat edemedikleri durumda mahkemeye müracaatlarında bir sonuç alamamakta idiler. Kadı dayak olayına inanırsa ta’zir cezası verebiliyordu. Hanefi mezhebine göre dayak olayı ispat edilse bile kadının boşanma hakkı bulunmuyordu. Karısına kötü muamele eden kocaya Kadı şartlı talak teklif etmektedir. Böylece koca bu şarta uymadığı takdirde, karısı kendisinden boşanabilmektedir. Kadınlar eşlerinin kötü muamelesi, dayak vb. ile karşı karşıya kaldıklarında ya baba evlerine gitmişler ya da mahkemeye müracaat etmişlerdir. O günün şartlarında kadını mağduriyetten kurtarmak ve haksızlıktan korumak için bazı tedbirler alınmıştır Bu makalede aile içi şiddet olarak nitelendirilen dayak vakasının mahkemeye yansıyan tutanaklar çerçevesinde değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Kocanın eşine attığı dayağın Osmanlı mahkemesindeki algılanışı, kadınların dayak neticesindeki hak arama yöntemleri ve bunun neticeleri irdelenmiştir.
The main source of the study is Religious Court trial records, which is one of the most important sources that is used to reveal the political, economic, legal and social situation of the Ottoman Society. The Ottoman family law was a subject of the religious law. The situations reflected on Religious Court trial records are the situations that are converted the theory to practice. Battery and murder cases in the Religious Court records come from cities of Fiskesir, Bursa, Kayseri, Larende, Lefkoşa, Silistre, Ayıntab, Urfa, Samsun, Harput, Çorum, Çankırı, Bursa, Amasya, and Erzincan. Women could not gain any positive result in the court as long as they can prove the battery with eye witnesses. Had the Qadi was convinced by the woman's battery case, he could adjudge a tazir (In Islamic Law, tazir, refers to punishment), punishment. Even though the battery was proven, for Hanafi sect, woman still had no right of divorce. Qadi could suggest a conditional divorce to whom mistreats his wife. So that, if the man didn’t honor the terms, woman would have a right to get divorced. Women would either go to their families or to the court when they were mistreated. There were some precautions in order to protect women from mistreat. On the other hand, there is no recorded case of mistreatment for a valid reason. Battery cases, described as domestic violence, are studied in terms of the records kept in the courts. How man's battery on his wife is perceived in Ottoman Courts, women's ways to seek justice and the results are examined in this paper.
The main source of the study is Religious Court trial records, which is one of the most important sources that is used for revealing political, economic, legal and social situation of the Ottoman Society. Ottoman family law was a subject of the religious law. The situations reflected on Religious Court trial records are the situations that are converted the theory to practice. Battery and murder cases in the Religious Court records come from cities of Balıkesir, Bursa, Kayseri, Larende, Lefkoşa, Silistre, Ayıntab, Urfa, Samsun, Harput, Çorum, Çankırı, Bursa, Amasya, and Erzincan. Women could not gain any positive result in the court as long as they can prove the battery with eye witnesses. Had the qadi was convinced by the woman’s battery case, he could adjudge a tazir (In Islamic Law, tazir, refers to punishment), punishment. Even though the battery was proven, for Hanafi sect, woman still had no right of divorce. Qadi could suggest a conditional divorce to whom mistreats his wife. So that, had the man didn’t honor the terms, woman would have a right to get divorced. Women would either go to their families or the court when they were mistreated. There were some precautions in order to protect women from mistreat. On the other hand, there is no recorded case of mistreatment for a valid reason. Battery cases, described as domestic violence, are studied in terms of the records kept in the courts. How man’s battery on his wife is perceived in Ottoman Courts, women’s ways to seek justice and the results are examined in this paper.
Alan : Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler
Dergi Türü : Uluslararası
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