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Osmalı Devleti sosyal bir devlet olmaya yönelik çalışmaları vakıflar üzerinden yürütmüş ve topraklarında bir vakıf ağı oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Bir vakıf medeniyeti olarak değerlendirilen Osmanlı Devleti’nde kurulan vakıflarda öncelik halkın ihtiyaçları olmuştur. Dolayısıyla insanoğlunun en temel ihtiyacı olan su, hayır yapmanın bir yolu olarak algılanmış ve su vakıfları bu suretle ortaya çıkmıştır. Başta İstanbul olmak üzere imparatorluğun en küçük yerleşim yerlerine kadar gerek hanedan üyeleri gerekse halktan insanlar farklı karakterlerde su vakıfları inşa ettirmişlerdir. Nispeten daha küçük çaptaki vakıf sular inşa edilerek genelde padişahların yaptırdığı büyük suyollarına dâhil edilmiş böylece su kurumlara ve evlere ulaştırılmıştır. Hayır amacıyla yaptırılan çeşmelerin, suyollarının, hamamların, sebillerin, şadırvanların ve diğer hayratların devamlılığı vakıflar tarafından sağlanmıştır. Osmanlı toplumunda dini kurumlar olarak öne çıkan dergâhlar, insanların toplu halde bulunmaları sebebiyle su ihtiyacının da yoğunlaştığı yerler arasındadır. Özellikle başkent İstanbul’da pek çok tekke ve dergâhın bulunması bu kurumlar etrafında su vakıflarının ortaya çıkmasında etkili olmuştur. Osmanlı toplum yapısını göz önünde bulundurarak dergâh anlayışının ve su ihtiyacının birlikte değerlendirilmesi su yapılarının dini kurumlar etrafında yoğunlaşmasının nedenlerini anlamamıza yardımcı olacaktır. Bu çalışmada hem dini hem sosyal yapıyı anlamak adına bir örnek olarak Nakşibendi şeyhi Ahmet Kâmil Efendi’nin vakfetme işlemi sonrasında ortaya çıkan dini kurum ve bu yapı bünyesinde ihtiyaca binaen inşa edilen çeşme konu edinilmiştir.
The Ottoman State has done its work to become a social state through the foundations and has made it possible to form a foundation network in its territory. The foundations established in the Ottoman State, considered a foundation civilization, were the priority of the people's needs. So the water, the most basic need for mankind, was perceived as a way of doing good, and the water foundations emerged in this way. In the first place, to the smallest settlements of the empire, including Istanbul, even members of the dynasty, people from the people have built water foundations in different characters. Relatively smaller foundation waters were built and usually included in the large waters made by the princes so that the water was transported to the institutions and houses. The continuity of the fountains, the waterfalls, the hammas, the seeds, the shadows and other admirations made for good purposes is provided by the foundations. The religious institutions in the Ottoman society are among the places where the need for water is concentrated because of the people's collective status. Especially in the capital Istanbul, the existence of many texts and magazines has been effective in the appearance of water foundations around these institutions. Considering the structure of the Ottoman society, the understanding of the magazine and the joint assessment of the water need will help us understand the reasons why the water structures concentrate around religious institutions. In this study, for an example in the name of understanding both the religious and social structure, the religious institution that emerged after the foundation process of Nakşibendi Sheikh Ahmet Kâmil Efendi and the fountain subject that was built in need within this structure was acquired.
The Ottoman State carried out its efforts to become a social state through foundations and created a foundation network on its territory. In the foundations established in the Ottoman Empire, which is considered as a foundation civilization, the priority was the needs of the people. Therefore, water, the most basic need of human beings, was perceived as a way of doing charity and water foundations emerged in this way. Both the members of the dynasty and people from the public, up to the smallest settlements of the empire, especially Istanbul, built water foundations of different characters. Smaller scale foundation waters were built and included in the large waterways generally built by the sultans, so they were delivered to institutions and houses. The continuity of the fountains, waterways, baths, public fountains, fountains and other charities built for charity was provided by the foundations. Dervish lodges, which stand out as religious institutions in the Ottoman society, are among the places where the need for water is intense due to the fact that people are present together. Especially the existence of many lodges and lodges in the capital Istanbul has been effective in the emergence of water foundations around these institutions. Considering the Ottoman social structure, evaluating the understanding of dervish lodges and water needs together will help us understand the reasons for the concentration of water structures around religious institutions. In this study, as an example in order to understand both the religious and social structure, the religious institution that emerged after the devotion of the Naqshbandi sheikh Ahmet Kamil Efendi and the fountain built in accordance with the need within this structure is the subject.
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